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Сӳò̫ÿŮҲܱ͹ȥƷ

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Ĺ͢ۺȶ˵ĳ谮ʹһ첻µҲµӣ뵽ҪӴԼԼѣ˼ɫϣӴߣϼͬȥȴȻһƬ⡣

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ֻǷҲԽԽɡҪڵϣϽסߵĴ
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ͷȥҶļ϶ͷƬİ׹ȻʼѣҹеĻسǣЩǾȻȫʼ׹䣬㿴ۣŴͣ˼ؿǰҹ
Щ׹䵽ϣȥǻ衣
˵ҲǻƬؾȻǣ

ɿһֻ֣ȥǣȴûнӵһš
Ƿ׷ûز㲻˴꣬ǰҪȷǷȷʧǣȥ͸ĸ
һҲûˣЩʧѽûˡ
ɡȥ˼һ⡣㶣ǰڳǿĶǶĿ
ģģ͸йâʱҫ
ʵǹƯʯͷ˵̧ͷգѵЩ𣿣

³ؽǡСĲؽԼ½ڣֵȥ

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ܽƻУ˭ǰ߼ڰ̨һɫòŮŮ˫۾֣ȻǷǳ£㣬·˿ȴʵ˭Ϊλ
ߵǰϸʦ·סڴ峤ң㣬㣬ǽѾ𣿡
ѾĽëǣܿͲˡ
Ϊʲô
ٹ죬һᱻˣҲûѾѾ˵⻰۾

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Ѿҡͷģһǰ̵þͱˣ
𣬿ʦ˵Ǽٵġкܾᣬԭϣʱȴϣʦ˵һжǼٵġ
ѾЦлңô죬ֻҡǰи˵˵Һ֪ˡ
ҡ

Ѿźµ꣬ʪȴԵƤ𪣬촽̺죬۾ˮǰܹƯСɾҲ㹻ˡ
ѾЦЦ
ȴк̣ܲһ飺ģûǼٵġ
ѾοСʱ֪ҳ󣬻ᱻԣصң㻹ǿЩȥɣʦġ

Ůѹ
룬½ͳǡҸ㿴Ư
սǴӻóȻĹ⣬ѾȻ󣬿籩䣬Ŵѿʼݶ˴룬ȼյĴֻʣ
ӿŨѾ̧ͷһŵˣ

ϽȥֻǰŨرڣɫƻ£һŨȻʶһȴиĶץסͷȥ
צӣ
ȣѾУ֪Ϊ˭С
ܵģѾҲץס𣿣
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Լ
ͷȥɡأأأôߣԽԽߣŤͷȥȻϣ
۾ˣ

һĺ£˷ܣͷȥɫŨеʲô
ǲǲ


סĴצӣļףʣǲǡ
𡪡һž޴ͷȻ̽ǰŭͺ𣬺ɫŨУ¶Բһ۾

ŵû赹ֻצӼ䡣

ɽŴķͣɫǰɽɽ֮ǹʺ硣
һɫŨѪģռƬյĺСˣţûʺ米





2     ѽ㣡

ʱ۾δŵѪζ
ΪۺΪ谮Сӣ㳤ôʲôHûõӵݵǰγ΢ʶһЩʵ䣬ˣҲûۼѪء
Ѫζ̫İ֪ζŵĵʲô

˳ӣۡ
ǰǰƣƶ䱳¶ɫգԵ⣬߻кܶõĵ
ȻƬ̵Ժֱ࣬ŽǰЩ¡


̵ͷȥצӣֻצȻɿȴǴϣ
Ǻɫצӣ
ѽ
ʱҲŷԼŵģ΢˶ЩģȥƬһɪȴֺȥ
кİȴֺܺ

ˣûأ˵
˼һСǾСϵצûж˿̫ϸצ̫ŲڽӴצŲצӻһ

ǻ˯

һŵ棬ϽվϸȥȴʲôҲûš
ǰһɫСɽǺɫ㻹ǿóǺĺɫСɽкɫƣкܶңвٵطƺչյ¶ܶɫĶкɫˮЩ
ǰһӣеֵζɫˮ
˿ҲǱƬУ
Сɽ
ôЩ𣿶˿ڣ

˵ˣѪɫѪۡۡ
ɫˮѪ۰ɣ

ϵĺ潥棬ͷܿȥĿֻܸߺܸߵͲ֪ʲôӣҲ֪ǵ
ѪζԽԽŨ񣬺ɫСɽһ
뵽ǰĴͷ֪ԼǱŻȥˣأۻȥ𣬻

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ŻȻܷ˰ɣԴβͺƳβͷμӿٶȣһʱС׵ֻԼܳĴڣԶԶؿɫСɽϵǣ
ǰɣ
˷ܲѣǼӿٶȣҪ̱˵ʱڿǰǿŴͷ

ֻǴͷʱûг¶ѪڣҲûԲһĺ۾
˫۾춼š
Ȼ˯ˡ

վڴͷǰ뵽ǰĻе㺦µģȴռϷ硣
ţֻܹ°ͣȴҲһЩճҺջֵͷǺɫģҲѪɣ
˵úذոҴͷʱ˸˿Ѫ
룬ȷ̫Ѳˡ

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кܶҪأ֪ΪʲôҪˣ󣬳˲ã
ǣҪôΣŬ飬Сϲ飬Ҳܶҽ飬ȴûһ̹ôҽ˺ܾã뵽һƪμУ˽ôҽ˵С
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룬ҵˮһЩܳԵҶӣûвҩ

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ǰҲ뵽ᵽģҪ¼ǺţҲ·͵͵ܳǰ׼˯ʲôҲûУǿġǡǿʯͷóСĵط˯ŵͷǰתȥ

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ȴûˡ
㿪ʼˣ̫Ҳ֪ǻ᲻ᵣġ

̾Ȼ
֪ãߺŭ𡪡
ԶӶ𶯣дܳŵɢɿҲҽУٴαޱȾס
ͷȥһ𡪡
𣿣

һ⣬һĹ⣬ʵôԶ㶼
ϽӲݵֶۣȻܡ
ԽԽɲʱУֻƣ̬֡
вһۣҰѾСɽ

ˣˣܱߺ߻֣ˣ
ԽԽԭȴ˵ĺ˴ͷͷſѪڣŹâͽڳŹ
ʮʱ֣ŹƺǴǸʯͷгģ
Ҳϸ뵽ôһ£ǿУѸټǿ顰ǡ½Уⲻˡ

𡪡ȴںǳ𣬺Ǻˡ
ûŻ赹ͷǰ޴ͷѪ˫۶ӡ

һΣðǿǷŵϵģǼȻǴϵģɵĶɣˣһϲ
ѪζŨ񣬸ոں˺öѪ
㳯°֣𡪡𡪡ŭƺھ
η壬ǰŽţװ׾°͡

𡪡죬³Ѫͷ·ҪҲ˦
ȴСס°ͣѽ㣡

ĺɫ˫۶˶٣ſڻʱͷ¶Цݡ
˫۵ӳĴЦݣڿƬ֮󣬵ǻ͡





3     ǳԵģ

ûָּףЩɢɵҲ̽ŵϵһһ

㵹ǲδˣҲеˣ°ͣԸ˵˻ǲǺۣܺ£ģһκģκˣкöҪ㽲ģ
𡪡
ôֺˣڲͷҸ˵Ŷҿĸѽ
˵ϸ˫ۡ
ǳϺûСǧ谮г货Ħ˼ֻб˴Ħķݣܹոһֱеʱں£ڵǡ
ʱ˫УǷݲƺɢˡ

ǰһ°ͣһκ㣡ٷģԺֻҪ㲻ٳˣǺ
°ȴ͵һƺ
̧ͷȿ㲻ϲ𣿡
𡪡ܿ϶
¶һίΪʲô

ϲȻˣģˣĺ磡κһдġܹ󵽵ĶҪ磡
˵ҲģĴģ

īǰķˣмֲͷ
ħʱ򲻶ˣҹöʣԪٻ޷ӵУѴɱ䣬ɱƵ飬ʱ֮鶼׵׵ħǡ
ԪѣǵԼ˭Ϊα㡣
ҹǷ˵ߺþϣðľסԼű㳹׻ȥ

úúó˯ջԵˣûԼԪֻдǰ֮һֻҪú֮ܽ޲վٻ
񣬼Ѷ飬
Сıаκβ

ĿǰԪǿȻ׹䣬յΧУɱ˼ˣ嶼벻ˣʱֻһħѡ
֮ͳ顣
壬ǱҲܷپǵϵЩˣܵõԵҲܷ
ħ壬Ϊࡢްĵطۼ粻ݵ

񣬾İ

īЦȻܣЦˣҲֻѪ۵¶Գѡ

߶Ϻöö˿ڰҪҵˮҵҩȰϵ˿ڸκãҡ
ī޻ع񣬸ͷ
񣬻ʱסףӱǳĮȻϲɳ֡
һΪħ־ıѣĮ֮˸뱩꣬߶߶СˣֻᷳſͣһСˡ
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𣡣ī޽غУƽСС㳰Ц

̫ܲסԼԪֺαػҪڴˣһڳ
𡪡в㣬ͼԼԶ㣬ΪС㡣
Ҳȷûб嵽ǲǺѽ
ī޵
ԹԵСԴûϵѽСʱдα˴¥Ҳϵˣҵʱѹ˺ܾãǣҵĸ˵
𡪡ī޸󣬱˵ˣ

ǺܾǰˣҲѽ㲻õң
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˵ҵĸ˵ûʲôҪģݻ᳤գҸ㿴ҵ
Ŵͣī޿һС
īޣ

ī޻Ĵ˿С˵ͣһС·Ө׹ÿһСʱ񵽵öϲıǡ
ҪˮʱͣЦǲǺܺÿݣҲŶҽʮ꣬ǴСиĸиΪʲôˣ㡭
ֿʼ߶ī޵ıסˡ

īԼǵѶ꣬뺣֮ͬ꣬ĸҵҵĺֱԸ·٣ճĵλҲ̲סȺ֮

īΪԼ᲻ںסĵطĮ顣
һδε뵽ǵıѣǻʹ˿ڴҲʹſԴ°͵ŵأٶȱ۾
ੲݵСȴŹǲˣҪ˯Ҫ˯ã㡪
īſڵϣſ۾вص

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˵ˣī޲ֱ˫ۣѣѽ㡪
๾๾࡭
ʲôī޾ſۣȴ˫סӣŵؿŵ棬˻ͷСҶӶˡԶ


ĺܷûȤһˣ
ĺöίգһ˫۾㲻𣿡
ī޿ˣħȴóⷲ˵ΪҲΪˣ׹ʱŻԸЩ꣬Ҫָ壬Ҫ˷ˣ˴ཿٲͣҲˣô

ȥңûгԵİɣ˵תҪߣֽȴѿʼһ򣬸ϽͷЦңҾеûϵģȥҳԵģ㲻õģһԣ
īһۣٶſ죬쳤
סŲˣúǰĺȫͬһ·ԺףȻˣûм֪׵Σϼعд㣬

㻹Уϣܶ೪һ
ȴĵرͣЩɢֵΧһȦǷȦôһȺͷͶӰϽ̧ͷȥȺɹȦ֮ٶɢ֪ȥ
ǿĿɿڴģ죬ǳ˺ôļʶ
ȥȺȻֻˣ

ǷɵͷԶԶģУͿпʼһһµ㶼ɵˣֱȺˣǰֶһССɽûлعͷء𡪡
ϽܵǰССɽǰ
ǳԵģ㣡л





4     ˵õĺأ

ֻǣȫ㲻ʶ뻨
ĳ࣬Ҳǵɫ֣
㾹ȻɫɫɫڻокɫʵҲɫĻƷīգīպڵ÷죬ǰ⻨Ǵĺɫȴ͸ģīմ󣡻㶼жٲ㡣
бɫĻ䣬ɫЩǴ΢ģ

͹˲ϳԣССɽһַ֣֮⻹к뱴ǣȫûģ룬ĸӦöû˷ܣֵ⣬˫⣬ֽʼ¼
ЩתٴΡ๾๾ࡱ졣
īƿ޴ƤǰСˣֻˣòٿڣ𡪡
ͷ⡱ܻī޵ĴͷǰָСɽö㣡ö໨ģ
𣡡Ǿͱԣ
Ϊ㳪̫ŻЩ𣿡
𣿣£ħѱֻ񻹲С˼

̫ˣȫûŪī޵˼ī޵°ͣͬѼƯҴûأھȥˮЩҪˣһҪѻ
˵Ťͷˡ
īò𣡡
Щ㱾Եģ
ͷҲأīֻúø𡪡
ͣ½ŲЦģҺܿͻģ£

𣿣˭ˣ

ī޲ͷصͷǵ˵ǰССɽʾϽԡ
ձֱӴ㣬ѺõССɽҲһ룬ӣѽܻǼ㣬īޣ𣿡
𣡡ԣ
㣬С͸ǵǲòʵسԵǣⶼСǵѽ
īԽͷԳ쳤õ涼ڻΣ㵹ڵϣžͼϵȫˣЩɪɪڵŴŹ㶼ܷǺܺ¡

ī޵۾㣬ٵ𣡡
㣬ͳЩ

㵱Ȼû˼Ƭ̣ΪˣͷģЩСҲңһǷŵȥģ
īЩҪһ˫ۣħ˼ȣСŪǿҪ񱩣ԼȴйԳŵЩŹ˻𣬿мˮˮա
ֻЩ֪Щˮɱжǿ꣬񾪿֣ڴʱ

ۣȴǾϲг˸롣
īһۣȴС۾ڷŹ⣬ͷˮ̫ˣˮͲˣҲˮأ
ī޶ʱҲǣҲǡ
Ǳպϴ죬ˮʧһȺֵ棬㻹ǰһòСӣųīֱģҪҵˣԸ̺Ϊã

ϴ
񣬱ˣ

ħҲñ꣬īǸ߰ûСһۡ
Сת㣬󣺡СӣǷŹҵ˰ɣԸΪã
㻹˵ľ浱УĿȻСż˵ǰһϽȥ𣡡īԶ㣡

СɪɪǰҲҿīޣֻҿĬĬᡣ
ڻع˿ޣżѽ
˵ţǰȥ𣡡īȴںСӣŵ
ī޵Ĵͷ㲻Ҫ̾ǣĺϲòСӰ
𣿣ī޷ŭֶ

īĺˣŲװȥƭƭƭˮħ
߰Դ΢Ʋ°Ҳ΢΢̧

ܴܸߣһ̧°ͣ͹ˡ
ֻȥī̧ø˵㡣
׼ī޵飬ʣ
ī޲
̾˵ʵѽҲģһһҵƯСӻҪóԵĶģ
ī޸һѱٹȶ꣬Զ
ԺƤ

ͷŵСӻڿޣߵСǰģѾ֪Լòˣ
ī޵붼ڲΪ˵᲻Сȴѹأ޲þҪˣҲǸģǺ׺ȴλӣػҪӴ֣
ٸ˸ӣʲôᣬԵģֵֻأ֯·Ұɣ
ͷīްۣСϲŵһ
Ҳ֪ôˣƫʱĶٽУСССɽȥţҸԵģ

ιѾӿʼʰЩˣ
СӣСŮչˣҲǲϰߣӣĺöֲҲֻܵλСӸԵˡ
ٿĻû㣬ЩˮϾкܶӣֻҪˮȥͳɣ
˵ˮ۾һͷīޡ

Ŀƣī޲òۣӸµؿ
ܵĴͷǰͷЦ÷ǳɰһ£
ī޳Ĭ
ЦøΪϲ̫֪Сˣ
ī޼㲻֪Ҳ֪û£ǿ˷Ϊ飬ѺǲףרŪôԣҪΣ
ƲԴſڵϡ

㿿ЦеЩҪˮܻҲˮ
۰Ͱ͵ͷ´ʱīѾûдǰ侲ⷲʲôǿóģ
ⷲҪˮЩ㣡
Цôˮˣ˽ȺɵѾȫˡ
ɴ˷Ū

īޱ˫ۣٶȸ߸߰°ܾͣٶӡ

ϣЩʧһתָϽǰ˫۱סڷڵϵצӣͬĸ󡢸һòãõͰЩɣòã㡭

ͷСӻͷۣ˸룬λӿ
䲻֪ǴģΪλħȴ֪ˣʰҲ£ƬŪʹҲֻʵʵֻԸΣܷߣ
ȻóλӾͨˡ
˾µĺô֪˵˭ˣ
ãĻһλӽţôˮΪ˸㰡

СĥţּλɿצӣȻȥץˣ
۰СӶɵˣ
ϻĺ붼οµĺ

㲻ú£Ǿñסצ˵˰ҲûãҪ棬ǴԸͷֻȥק
˼Σץס룡
ī޲ϵУʶصͷ㿴ȥеĶź֪ʶС˾ץĺ룡

īŭݷ˼̤
ī޵ĴͷǰȥſҪɳȥ
ȴΪںԼ棬Цţһѱסī޸պ°ͣͷٳЦѽڿקī޵룬ʣһˮòãҲܿģͰ

īֻϸ飬òѽգ۾
ī޿ΣûſҲûкó

С˿ˣºҪԵλӣ
Ŀڣ黹δƽȴˮ

ɵˣŵػͷȥ

˵õĺأ

ôˮλˡ





5     ܴӺħצ¼С

īɣɿ߲ʵĴڡ
ħҲΪȫ屳֮㹻˴󲿷ħ֡
īΪ߹󲻿Եϡ

˴ʱҲЩãȥӰѡõطͻͷ֣Цź
īſڣǸˮزʺ磬ˮ˲ʱڵҳӣӺֱܿˮС
īãˣΪʲôССʹأ
Ҫǡ
ѽ̫̫

оȻõġ

īĬĬ˼޾ʱܹأ
ȻҲã̫࣬ΪѾҵһطٳ֣
ǣֳһطʼˮ

ī޵İ£˹ССӵİ£ǰ㶼˵СīһУ޾ɵſڵϣĪضæµСӰ˳żֻɵ

æȻģڹʱǵۺ۰Сӣ˭ɻ
Է˼ͷϻһͷϲߵ˸Ͳϻϻιʳɡ
ºˣץ𻬲ﶪ㣬ȫӵ˵һֱЦ
ԭͷźʮֽŵСӣҲ

ĹУСӸԼСȸȸ壬汲Ƭֻмٲֵȸ޳ΣĻСȸҲûжིϾһֱأ
ˣץۼСȸˡ
СȸЩδܳԾҲûжСȸΪڴ˴κʣܹɣСȸֱЦá

ͷСȸǰãܶˣȽڳϴɾߵǰʱСȸѾʢľʵСеݸӣȣζɺá
Ц㲻öôѽѣһ³ԣ
СȸҪЦ鵽ɣӾǹӣ
ܹ̾⣬ڹҲǣЩŮҲҸһԶ
Сȸȳ԰ɣ

ţӦţȴһ룬һ㣬ͷīȥ
Сȸɵĵؿȥ
Сض̵ī޿ī޿ƱĿ񣬡˼ȫϣ֪СҪʲô

ߵīǰ³ȷŵݵϣͿʼʣ˯𣿡
ī޲Ҳ
С°ͣѰȵ˯ɡ
īɲСֹôѪԶôܺأû˿Գѽֻܶȵˣ˯ҲһҪѳԶ

īԶԡ
˯šѣָȥĴ죬һ˿ϸ죬ʹָ˵ʵܲī޸оðۣͨ˫ֱۣӳ𣺡𣡣

ԶԶŵСȸŵýԭزٶͷֻҪһ㣬λӿɾҪˣ

ȴҲûвͷѪڣ˵Ц˾ͺãԷѽ
Ŀ㴮ī޿ľǩǰ˼ī˼ٶŭ𣺡𡪡
ֿسľǩϵĿ㣬Ѿӽī޵Ĵ
ī޵ŭòȻֹ

ζôЦʡ
ī޵˫ǻûüȥķŭЦգٶȶסȴִţӱж໬ˣԼܿǵñԼ
ݣ˳ѽ
˵Ƕһ˽ӽĻī˼ƣǽǿ㡣

ܴСȸص˴㿾ī޶ԣٴĶҲֻ˵ˡ
ϸóȥ
ԹԳԵǳˣǲǻͦóԵģ
īû㽫һҲԣһԵڶī޾ܾ
ȥݣīǺҲǣҲǣֶˣֳֻһ㡣ٽСĵصУī޵Ǳųһ

תҪܣȥõ㣡
Ҫԣ
ī޸Ͻ𣺡𣡡ˣ
ͷԴҲúܺó𣿣
ī޷ֻ꣬õͷסȥ·²ף㲻ȥ˼ǣ

ī޸жˣ
𣡡
ųһ㡭
𣡡Լȥ԰ɣ
ǡ

īſڣˮֱӾ㣬ۣҰȻθߣһֻûˮѱī޷ŵ棬ֱ̫˼ˣͷīǰܡ
īˮֱһ֮䡣
㲻ˡ

ɪɪΧСȸڣӣԼأسЩ
𡭡͸ˮĻЩģĺ
԰ɣ
ðɣ㵽ǰʼԼԡ

ҲţСȸһԿúܡ
ۣˮĻڣСȸСʵӣΪλλһ𣿡
ҪץȥԣȴץˣҸץˡ
𣿡Сȸ˵ɣܲ⡣

ֿΪʲôҪ£
ѽСȸλԺԶһЩѹϮ֪˵ھ˵ˣ
㲻֪˹˹ĵȺ˼̧ͷСȸģ峺֮Աƣǡֻû˽̶ѣ䷲¶Ե֣ϣԵѽ

СȸҲ̫û飬˼򵥵Сӣ´ڶ׻Сһ̲ء
Цѽһ̺ģ룬ҲܸˣҲǵһθأĸ֪ҲΪҸ˵ģԺȥҸĸ󣡡
СȸؿĵλӻŴȥĸ
֪˵ʲôˣ̫档
ܴ̾Ӻħצ¼СѾܲˣ

Ѿһ㿪ʼԣ߳ԱߵҵÿЩ꣬Աоϴ裡ҪˣʣСȸȻס֪˿ڵĲҩ
Сȸֱˡ

ǲ֪вҩﻹУһ壬ȫǴԣ۸Щҩôܻ
ǵҩԺã
˵ôôô׺ĺôأǲҩκõŶƾͥɲݶûã
˵ϴ£ôĺôϴŶ
Сȸʵʵ˵Сӵ񣬵ֻǵͷ֪

˵زЦ

ˮĻһ࣬ī޿Цݣ񽥽䡣





6     мӵһأ

īǽϯһ˵Ҫϴ衢˿ڵ飬Ȼж
ԭͼӲοħʶáж֣
ǰһĵһ˿İģƺӦýá

룬ץСˣҲûץôֺ֪

ˮĻͷС˻Ц̧̧һĲʺ㸡ˮĻϷˮҶ֮䡣
ۡʺ磡ǲʺ磡Ȼ˵
ڹУδʺ磬ֻм˵أ

ˮĻī޽ĻҲСߡЩرĿٶȿʼˡȸͽ֦ɡҶǲɶõҩҲСȸ˵Ҫκī޻ǲܹġ
һƬ޴Ӿۼ㹻棬ī˵ĵطҲὫȸԭ
ī޺ܿڤ˼ҲɳΪ˵ġ˯˯֮ǰûȷһΣƬӣȷƿ֮С
ɲԸһС˾ͱЩɵˡ

ȸһɵ񣬵Ҳܲס˼Ҫ˷ģٲ֣Эܳƿصġ
ǸС̫棬˵仰һ壬͸ˡ
ЩС£ī޽ԼУʼˡ

ʵ̫
ȸһ֮Գ۸Ϊ̫СѹóܵͷС㣬ʱҪأ
ȻҲһĵģôʧʡĸ̫Ƕᵣġ
ɫǰ죬ץʱ䣬ЩκãǾܿ뿪Ҳܹȥĸˣ
ôһĸҲΪ˵ģ

Ա㣬תˮĻѾˣ˯
ûǰǸϽȥҩҪСȸһ𣬽ʣµ㶼ӵһȥҲҩ
Сȸ·ٿӾͺǰȫͬˣ֮ǰֻܿƬ֮⣬ʲôҲ
СȸЦȸ۷ǷˣԹȻ
ѹ֣
Сȸɲ£׻̲סʵӣһҲ£Ҳûɻ󣿡
ʲôأ㲻⡣
⣬СȸҲ֪ô˵ˣȸһ嶼̫ﶼסãԾʹǵĴǨ㣬ȥܶط޷Ҳ塢ħ֮أûȥ˵硣
Ҳ֪ȫͬ

ϸ룬Сȸ˼ЦɶġһԴǡ
Сȸ˼ҡͷҴδ飬Ҳʶ֣ǡ֡Сƺ⣬СȸҲԼŵ
ûŵץߣҲۼ˺֪ʱСȸô˵ܺʣô𣿡
СȸЦôõжɡ
ʣ֣öô
ãǿ³Է

Ǵأ֣ɣ
ħƴħ˰ɣֵǣֻ֮࣬а
Сȸ֪λش⣬ΪҲֻǸС֣Щû˵

㲻ǿСȸСʱɺ֣̫Ҹʶ˵ǼٵģҶһԴǡұȷˣһҲǵһڵĵط
һԴǡʲôأ
Ÿ˵һ飬Цһȥ󣬾ͰҸĸ
СȸָҪܾ֮˰ɡ
ᰡָ죬㿴컹أģ⼸ĨҩܿģǾ뿪ˣ
Сȸ˼һ£ǲʵСӡ

˴ǺС磬ҹǺ˵ģ

һ·˵ŻҵһЩҩвɫĺƯĢǵ̫˵ԽƯľӣԽأȰСȸҲȥöɫĢǣҾжרŶЩҪǵĻ֣
ûţҲûСȸţװͰ͵Ģŵˡ
СȸЦǶѾ޳ĢѽͬʱҲڰԾȣЩĢİĢôδйʶôһȻʶǵö
СȸʵĴ㣬û׼Ǹźմմ⣬ҲܶЩȸء

Ź֮󣬶ĢȤһֱ뷽跨ظĢͨˣȴ̫
˵۾ͷգֹ֣컹ţôء
С⣬һ͹ȥ˰ɣֻǷˣ϶ġ
СȸͬȰȻЪһɡ
ҡͷԵģ̫˵ˣ˲裬Ǵɡ
ˣ㱻ץȷһȥǿţڲݵ˯ţСȸȸһš

ĸʱȥԺͷգŵҾ˯ˣ
ǳСȸϽʵЪһСĹ򣡡
ģ㲻š
컹أ
³ˣɫĢ֣ȥҲҩҵ棡
ĢŤŤͷɡ
㵹ҲֻеʧҪȥҲҩˡ

Сȸβ⣺ô󣬺һСɽ֦ܳĸӣҲԸĨҩ
Ӻã˺֦ܶзȸ˺üӣһܴȥҶǰժĲҩȫӵ
æżҶӵʱ򣬻ƤƤǳ̫ʺϸϴˣּ˲ƤСȸΪæǰæģһͬ飬һ̲ס

Сȸ۵֦ɵ룬ЩƤܴһ飬ʺϸϴˣ
ϲѣͣСȸлſƤ޳Ƶġ
СȸûģСӿԭǸ˵ĶûץҲûûгֻҪ̻ѱ
Ժ

СԽԽ̣ʣмӵһأ
ٵҲֻһ˰ɣ





7     һߵˡ

ǼһӵҶҩȥ
̫̫أ⿿ûȥһȺȸۼ·һԲ̣Ӷڱߣ㲻ʱ̾СɵģȴҲֻУ뵽ļҲǻɰˣǰȤأ
ȸǽ볤˶ߣԭԼǳˡ
СȸϽֹСӾͨˣ￸öľĸӣ
ɵߣ·ϣҲûǺǶɫĢкֻϧĢǲźżϴ裬δ

ٳǰĽŲ˶٣ܻȥڲݴоѡһҰ
Сȸ޵úƯ
ģЦŻͷ˵ϲ𣿡
Ȼ͸ģСȸͷģ
ˣСȸֿذ˸СŻá
ڲݵϣ˸Ļݣĵز˸ƯСУСȸ߳ӡ

صСɽǰʱī޻ڳ˯ڤ˼״̬СؽСŵī޵ǰȷһܿ
źú׼ϴ衣
ڹʱϴ趼С̫빬ŮźôģȰܳʱ̫æҲûúôڵڣͰ͡
СȸҪλСѡ
ѱһԸΪСãλСҲûʶãҲϲλСӣ
úÿὲôֺã˭ϲأ

ȫȥͷ˿Լ߳СɽƤɵĲȥ߽ʪŴϴСһ˿ڣ˿ڱ鲼ȫЩôһһȥҪʲôʱأ
ǲϲɾˣĨҩˣҽҽ϶ôдġ
̫ˣСһ㣬ܱסŵϴɾվСɽǰأָ°Ŭ˼

Сȸȸһ֦֯
ڣ֦ǳǳۣǳϸʵϣ֯ɲȴֺܼͣǱΣѶ֦ģѲӯƮҹﻹ⡣
ȸͻԼ·ʱ򻹻ЩѳȥֻԵġõġ
Сȸϲ㣬ĸһΪÿģ񣬻ͷһСվѾ˺ܾõĴ

ˣߵʲô
عָǰСɽε룬ôŪЩˮڴϣԼǿԵģˣ˯ء
Сȸ˿а취ŭ
벻취ǰȥһ㣺ɣ
˵ţʹīˣīƬΪ⻬˺üҲûȥСȸһᣬӣзӵģ

ģ㾪ϲػͷ
Ƽ۾СȸͷǣҪôǽһԲ״ˮ˵ϽȥҪôȥһ֦Ҷïˮϣֺã
룬ֱӽˮˮܴ󣬻Ѵѵģ
ҲǣҶˮϣҲСЩԸᱻѣ

ȸΨεΪ죬СȸĿǰֻ˵ȸģļ˶졣
ȷСȸǼ㶼īޣȴҲȫһͬȥ֦

֦ܿҺãСȸ˼ǣȸǵֱմˮٵϷˮ㿴Ǹ޴֦ٿȸĽСˣЩ᲻ǣ㷴Ӧȴܰ飬Դ֪ʶǺܶģ
뵽ӣ㽫֦|ڳԣЧµ֦մˮٵȥ
ˮСҲۿɰСǣ

Сȸ˵ʲôʲô

˺ü飬þ룬ѡõطСȸǸ֦|ƬԵһ԰æֻԺԲơ
㿴֦|вرˣΪԼĹء
Сȸ͵ЦҲûи˵ʵֻħһֻΪߣ˼ѽϧ

СȸǸո֯õĲҲô֦ϣ㿴žոպãֹȥվһԿžͺˣ
ôСӸĴֻأ
Сȸǵ㾢Ӵ
ЦȥŴɣǽˮȥðɾС£ǽɾͳɣ
ҲǣãЦϲܵīߣ֣ɣ

Сȸ𾢣֦ѹմˮ
ţһ
Сȸһɣ֦ಡصȥˮ䣬һ㣬ȻȫСɽϣû˷ѣһģһҲ˲ˮЦٻ֣СȸٶΣ
ϣСȸҲСҲ󣬼㣬ҲûѣǺܿ˵ڶΡΡ

īϵĺ࣬иҳѪͬѪԼѪ
űߵˮɺɫϪԭҲ˸߲ҵģôѪˮҲЦˡ룬ʲôôѪ
Ŭ룬ץʱ򣬴Ͼô˿ˣ
ֻϧ벻Ǳץûãŵ˹ȥ

ѹߵī޵Ĵͷǰ
ī˯ó˫۱պϣôεˮҲϴøɸɾģǷǳĺڣرӢĺڣ뵽̫Ӹƥɫ˵ʮȺвſܻôһƥ
ԭȺĽ̫Ӹ磬ʱãƥɫĿҪ
ҲΪϴ˸ɾϵ˿Ҳ
ǰ㶼ûóԭҲô˿ڣΨһܹŵ˿ڣڴߡ

ȥƶƬ̣Ÿطȥ

ڤ˼еī޶ʱԣˮ֪ģ޹ؽҪ˴ţҲüƽϣҪ
Ȼ˿ڣˣ
ڱܣǿгڤ˼˫ۡˢſǲκθѪɫʱ˼ȻңǰС㣬ԥѪڴţ𣡣
°һ̧ؽ˦

ŭѹն˶ð
Сȸŵ̱ͬǼһɪɪ

㼸򣬲òȥָϽܻûһĺ¡
ͷŬؿ˫ͨ˫ۣеѹǸΪŨʣǲǺۣ
𣡣īٳſڣˡ
ǰһī޵˫ۣһκ˵ģ˭㣬һȥ𣡵ǣԺ󲻿ԳŶ
𣡣
ǰīȥī޵ͷֱǴ˵塣
ʱѾǣԪ˵½ﴧţֻŪһҪĶ

˿֪ī޵ǽҪǰǿ̣ī޵Ķضס

ţһߵ˿ϡ





8     һΣ˯ˡ

㿴Ҳʱģһġ
֪īޣֻʱܱΣΪһֱģ´Ŀǰоͺĸֻ۶ëèĸ˵ֻż͵͵ȥè
ǵèèҲܿɰͬ
Ǵܶܶèèī޵˿ڣۣǰлֻèḛ̀ˣеСӣèèСͷȻǺϲģ

׹ͷī޵˫ۿȥſǰǡ
룬ΪȥǣīѸٵ˻ȥ
Ц˵£ҰĨҩܿͻ

Ǿ仰δκ˻ӽīޣ㱻ΧʱҲδܽҲֽˡ촽Ĵ̫أص˼ҵī޶ס
ȻЦŸ˵ͼʱعһţǳص㣬һڸ̵С

ۿŵСȸûŻȥѾһŻȥţֻСϸȵ
Сȸսսһ߲һ߹ȥ㡣

Сȸܹӣͷīؿʼ˶˵ڵʹ䶯ʹУݼ¶ǿĹ⣡
һСȸһһֻȸҲ˵ϡ

ϵǿǣ
ҵīѾǴ£ӣʱγܵסǣСʹֽûüԵ˳
ݵϵĲֺǷĽס㡣
㲻ûˣڵϹ˼üȤ
Цܵīǰ˵ں׽Բ𣿣

³Ǻī޺ܶˣǰ˯ôþۼȴٶȱɢٶſزݵأ۾ذţһҲǻӿʱ˫еķ񽥽ȥ˫ȴѪɫ
ԭ۾տɫ
ħ󣬲űѪɫ
һ첻ط۾ɫһҲ䡣
ؿ㣬ԵЩ޹뱯ˣЦݣ룬뵽ŵĽ⣬ʣǺǹҼ񵽵ǣģ

ī޿˵
룬ɵģΪԹˣԲܿɣԺ󲻻ôˡ
߽ˣīޣٴα֤һκ㣡ǾͲˣҲܿ

ī޴ʱΪҲ١
ҲͷһؼҲ𣬸ۣתӻٸī޿ժĻƯ𣿡ӻ̽СԴ۾Ц͸ѽ
ī޵Ƥ΢˶óһ֦Ŭͣţ㰡
īʧȥŲĻǳģƤҲûһ¡

Ĵ̫ˣû취һ棬ôܡ
°ͣ˯ɣ˯õÿ죡
īҲ˯ʱһգһѣʹ࣬ķʽûУֻſ

ī޵ľ̫ˣܿ죬˯ţƤ䣬Ҳû
Ϊ˯ˣŵߣٷŵ棬ҪĨҩ
ͷȥſһصëţһôˣ
ȸǶһģһϲ˭˭ˣվԭƬ̣Сȸ˵ЧǰҡǸ޴֦ĵ
ī޵ϣ·һ㣬Ϊ˸ܲ
ȸȴܵõʱûǰΨ֮෴ֻûůģȻδʱҪ

ȸǽСȸһæҪܹȥ㣬Ѿվ¶Ц
СӣСȸʧɫ
Цǲ̫ۣ˯ˣ
СȸϽó˫۽գȴδ˯ţֻЩȫȻڣ̧ͷգȻָտɫ
֣ĵȴֲʵ׷ʲô

ǰҸæٲ˼Ǿ͸ϽЪϢȥɣ
˵
ָīޣǿ̧ңҷŵҪĨҩ
СȸЩ£룬С̽ȥȴûгԣӦû£
ʶؾãֻҪλСӣ˵ܹûģ
ͷӦ£ҡһ䣬ȸŽ㣬͵СɽɽվıϣЦŵл

СȸҲû뿪һ˳æ
Ҷǰãվںĺϣ˿ڸЩС£ҩһĨ˿ϣ䷳ĨһһСɽɽ˲ʱࡰ̲ݵء
òĨɽĲЩˡ
ֻŤŤɽĵطȥĨ

īֹ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôһ߾÷޴һߣ־Ĵԣۿ΢ʪѪɫ羹Ȼɫ·ܻصǰ
ۣǰѪɫ
ǳء
ԳЦЦԼȴȷ޴ķ˵ȷẦҶȷʵκˣϾҩĨһЩܱʲôҲĨĺá
ģΪһֱڸɻҲůůģƵī޵Ǵܵεůأů

ٴλ˯
һΣ˯ˡ





9     Ϊڿޣ

㵽ûиɹÿһʱҪͣЪЪÿһҪͣ벱
СȸīϷţİæȴҡ
˭Ҳںıϰ

ƣۣĨú棬Źκһ˿ڣ
㲻ǸܴĺӣȴһֱǸĺӡСĸĸľ磬̫Ҫ֣ǵ˵дٸдã˵һ㲻һֱдȥ
д֣ϲ£дȥп飬һһ졣
˶ʺﶼĵ˹ȥ˶ľĴ㣬ֱһ磬ڲĵذ˯㱻ɨС̫෢֣²ա
Ӵˣ¾͹涨СȥʲôҪʱ̸ŲųɣܽС뿪κ˵ߡ

īĨҩҲǣ˿ڶչ˺ãǾԲͣġ
Լϲܿʱʱһһεţܿ죬ֵƽ޵ʱ䣬ƤʼܣͣҡͷŬɴ۾ͷ죬ǵīޱ˯ˡ
Сȸص̺ӵϣǸǺá

ֺĨҩĨø棬ȴвɵϰߡ
ÿζǲൽʱ͵˯ʱ׼ʱЩСȸĳʳͼæ˼죬ӴСɽϵ˿ڻδȫĨҩٳٶۣҲ˲Ծ
ͷ죬ٳУ˯˺üˣô컹ġ
ٿߣһ˿ʲôʱĨĲҩǵϮʱְæŵƬҩĨòŻᵹ˯ʱһÿĴСһģ
˵˯ʱҲһģ

СɣⲻƽϢ𣿣
˵Ӧúüȥˣ

ڿʼ˼ǲһԴʱ䲻һ
Ѿʧܶ죿ĸ̫Ӹöż̫ǻ᲻ᱻ𷣣ô죡

Сȸסųɵߣӣӣ
еڶŻع񣬻ͷȴµġ
Сȸʣӣôˣ
ҲֻʣֱӾ͵Сȸʱ䣬ͷͬ
СȸĵСӰڷӦˣ
СȸԶĺͷСԼģ˵һ˵Ӧû°ɣˣҲɵվסߵʱͷûвֻͬǡ
ֻʲô
ûкҹʵİҲġ
죺Ϊλˣ
ǺС磬ǽǱʱ޽ġ

󾪣ô

עƺ̫ԣ

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ĵ£ʣСȸ֪ôܳȥ𣿡
СȸزѹѹǲǺˣ
ѹƣСȸˣվļֿʼȵȸҲվòȣֱӵԴеµϽֽסģŵǰô

ûûʲô
ëڶʣҲ֪𣿡
Сȸ˵ٵءȷ֪ϴ֮ŪôǺֱǳȥʳҲѸٰŪ˻
Լȫ뿪ġ

̾ͷëԼ뷨Ұɣ
ѹڣڱܣСȸ뷽跨ֵķųҪ뿪Ҳ˫һɿСȸˣɽУ׺һܵëš
ϴЦǶ̫ɰˡ

ֱǶɽֲЦݣͷ˿һԵӣͷĲҩС롣Ӧ˯ͻѴϵ˿ڶĨ˰ɣ
񣬼æô뿪ʲô֪ﷳգЩκòȻǴԼġһԴ϶֪ȴͺˣ

ˣûзգǿֵСӣ˷ա
ͷڵļǡ
д̫Ӹԣȴ̿Ͱɱʱ˶˵Ѿˣĸ޵۾ҪϹˣʱСȴҲǵʹൽµľСƽܵһΣεǱץߵġô죬ȫޡ
ĸָô죿ĸ۾ɲٿ˰
̥ʱĸͱ¹Ӷ𣬵Ϊĸĸ˵øأʱ˵۾Ϊ޳ҽǶ˵ĸٿޣ۾ҪϹġ
һֱŬضĸЦĸҲϲˣ˵ʲô˵¶νˡ

뵽᲻Ծؾ͵
ᡰžડī޵ƬϣžѾī޻ƿƤܸܵһ˿˿Ḷܾ́׼ܵĸλ

ܿ죬Ĺ̸һһĵط֡
ָо֣ںףѪ飬ڴǰǿʵǴӲģҲģͷһáȡĶ


Ŀ֣ƺͷϸꡣ
Ҫ֪ϴֻп籩ꡣ

ī޺ȻЩ棬Ǻͷϸ꣬º΢СΣ浴һȦȦֻʲôΣ

󲻳
ϵķȴȻڿޣīһȴؿڣ˵Ϊڿޣ





10  ʮ   ǣУΨа¡

ī޵Ȼ˵˻
Сȸĵ͵С֣޳ΣʵϻǸϲԭΣ޳˴ܱøܲ۸ҲɸһСҪ̹Ȼԭθ̹
īȻҲˣɣճܱСӤ
Ȼԭθǳʼģ

ֻûΪ΢ҲǲάΣҪ˻θʺϡī֪ѾħҲ̫Ը⿴˵ģ֮ҲøССˡȸԣԲųο˵

ȴԼҭס̧ͷĴʲôҲûа
˭˵
ú·Ӻǵģû￴лģ¹ֻǵ̫顣Ǹӵ֮⣬ֳ׹УȴΪ̫·ˮ¹⡣
ȵȡ
Ӻ

㾪ϲʣں˵𣿣
ȥлȴû˻Ӧϻᣬ˲ϲӡϡվںıϣźĴͷȥʣǲѽ

īѵЩڣ˺ܹ֡
ſ޵ܣ˼ҵĶܸܵôһĹָ
㡰աʼϱȻҪԴܡ

īſڣվɱ飺Ϊοޡ
㣡û˵˵ԭ˵Ļ˵
ī޳ĬѰ˼ҲûʲôôСֵģ
ĺ󱳱ܣī޿ܵĸλáܵǸطվůůġī벻ͨ˵˵£޷ܵõǿãϣȻЩȴɾòġ
ò˵ԼǽӴøеʹ࣬˴а

īȸ˵ʱʱĸоͷǳãû˺ѵʹС
ʱҪСˣĨЩҶǹͬ£ƴ󻺣ô̹һΡȥţ˿ںܿϣҲָ
Ȼͬ죬кǿĸá

īЩī޵ĴͷܽѾܵĲϣ
˵ţͿʼҪī޵ͷ
īٻû뵽⵨ӣ
īʶؾ뽫˦ȥؼʱ̷˴ȸ˺ôáīʱĮȴ񣬵ҲĻ£ﶼ⡣ħ󣬵Ǳ˽壬ȴҲܹһζֻ㣬Ͼơ
ҲǣЩְˣٻī޻Щ֪

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ī֪ԼϵƬܻˣС

ǵģȥˣ
񴩵ѣСȸ¸ģƬ们ʵĲȴܰʱƬϣҲ͵͵ʲôĲڻ£ɴǰľ飬ôȥ

ͷŷ֣ԭҲëģ
ͷһ飬֮䣬Ҳȥŷǵжߣֱ̽Ȼкüˣ
뵽ô󣬷·һСɽôҲӦõģܿȻ
ʱҲ˲ٸī˵ǰһжˣСǰ˼ëȻܳܺ

˵Цͷëëģÿɰ
ī޺ܲãٿڡ
ʣҿëë𣿡ڴ
Ȼԣ
ī޻δ˵ڣѾЦܸ˵ӡ
ī޷ŭ˼ͷŵ㷴Ҳ֪īٵٲԸ˵ʼͲÿǾڣȻ˷ˣ

Ǽ磬ǰȥۡø߰￴СĳôС𣿡ֵұȳСѽǲʵҰ
վٿ˵˻羰Լֹһ󣬺Ȼī޵ħצ𣿡

ī޲ҪʲôʱͷҪ˦ȥ㾪һסī޵ǣīһ٣ɿͷήҵſص档
³˫ȴȻסǣʣô

ī޲˵κλҲû˵

ǣš
ɱһʤǷῳǣԼʤ
ǿ꣬ҲʮҪô췣ҪôУЩǣ۱Ĵնī׷ȡһһС

ҪĶ
Ҫô˭Ҳ

һˣǾǸİ¡

ǣУΨа¿ĵط





11  ʮһ   µǿӲĶ

ī޻ûҲûа£ǣһαԼ˴
˲ʱĸоʵڲ
ҪͨݵĻҲֻ˵췣׵У췣ݷ˵ǻöӲ߶
űˣ̧ͷľûˡ
ʵ̫İ
ôΧʱδ˾硣

īЩãȻΪ㻹סǲ֣ԭѾٶȽӲ

㵱Ȼɲ֪
Դſص棬ɿǣաǰ˼ſڡϡ̽Դ˵ȴܿ룬࣡
ôʡ
ڷſǣīްɿ붼ɲ
㵽ôˣǲﲻƫҪʡ

ī޲ͷԼ׽ɬĲ˼ô㶼ҵǣҪôˣ
ĻҪô˵óѽ
ƫüΣī޷ʤֻٿڣֱӲ⣺Ϊοޣ

ֺ˵ˣرˣΣشˣôһڣѾûзôѹʵʵ˵Ҳ֪ԭͷѾȥˡҵĸʺĸˣһҲңĸ۾ٿˡ뵽Ҿѹÿˡ
ƺʡĸ󡱡
īްѵ⻹˼ʵ۵ĺ
ʣǻӣ
ǣҲ֪ӣ
īԶԣʵۺô˼ͳߣͥϵȻмء۹ϵãݸߣ뵽ͥУЩȻ֪

ǵ˼Ļʵԣʣʲô
㾪ȵŴ֪̫ͣ˰ɣ
Ͻҽ㣡ĸ˵ҳѽʣ㣬һǡֱĸ͸ȡ֣
С˵Ӧû
Ҳǣãϴǣһ¶ҲûУóԳԣ˯˯ġ

˵ָϽʣҵǲǺܺ

أʲô
ī޵Ȼܾ֪
Ұɣ㱾͹ſţ˵ŻƬϣīŵòҪ˦ȥֱ
ֳܱ˼Ҳʼ
͸ҰɺòãҶ˰
īޱĥţԺţٿڣīޡ

ţĶסϲīޣīޣúְôдأ
ˣôҪôд
Ŀǰħ¼ꡣ
ƫƫƺЧīŵøϽʵī֮ޡ

ī˵ţָī޵ͷд˸ī֣֮ޡд¡ޡ֣ЦֲдҲÿ
ôǿ佱ĻīڶҲͦá
ʣǴʲôأ
֮䣬޸ĸҪʲôգ
īī𣿡ϸ룬²ûŶôеǶɣķʽͬиĸģī޵ͷ㲻ҪѹҪ԰ɣ
īԴɻ

Ѿ̵īޣú

ӽͽīޣһӣѾ
ī޼ֱǷԵĻᶼûС
ִסī߶˺ܶī޿ǷϻĻɷ֪ī޶д˵Ҫд֣īֻצд֣ȵȡ
ī޲ûС˸

ڣ̶˯ʱŬس˻˵أŹſƣſī޵Դ˯ˡյſī޵ͷī޶ҲҶһ˯ŵ͸ˣǿɻСϴء
ССһţůůأأǺܽĵطīǱýġ
ԲһѪ۾ؿˮƽڵֻ֣С˸Ͻ˯ѴԴȥ

ε˸ʡĸ磬ĸֻëèĸװҪѵ˸ĸ̲סЦˣббսĸЦÿÿ
ЦȥסĸŽҪԡ
˯еҲȷ¶Цݣ૵ĸ󡭡ĸ󡭡Ҫԡ
īһֱڽСĸ󡱣ͷȥģī޲ò΢΢ͷ
ôһ̧ͷͷǴëë
ë˯øˣҲøĸ˶ԣϲۣǣ

ǣ
īסط˯˯ԼͷϣСﾹų
ī޴С˶һѵȴ־סëëҲۣоҲܹ֣ǶҪһ
߽ĸ󡭡ĸ󡭡Һ㰡ĸ󡭡

˵һֵʡ
ī뵽ǰС˵µᣬĬ˼Ƭ̣Ŀǰ˼ʵСҲͦùģΪãѡУץ˻Ҫ״ã»ҪܾãСעҪþøһ
ѵʱȻСˡ
ûǣ󲻹С˷ߣڷ֮ҪȥĴЩʲôθɣ
ԭ룬ʱЩ̡

˺õ죬ǲ׺ɣСĸĸȥ
ҪھͷС˶ߣ޿ܡ
ǡ
㻹ͷšĸ󡱣ξʡ롰硱Ҳһˡ
µǿӲĶЩ顣

ī޺ܿܣųȥĸʱʱϵһҲС





12  ʮ   ǸɰСɵӡ

īٿּۣյСȸòֵľطɳΣīǰ£ʲôҪȥ죿
㡪
ī޻δ˵꣬Сȸһ̧ͷȻ˵˻

ôī޶СȸɾûʲôƢˣѹ
СȸŵøϽҡͷֵԴ¾ܷԸ
īһʵЩ죬һ𣬿˵ڸĸ£
СӾȻ𣡣
Сȸг޺϶ī޲ϾʵһУҲûͷСܸĸĸ˵˵˵
˵ʲô
˵ҪȥĸءСȸ˵ꡣ

ī޳Ĭ˻ûмʣǵĸĸȰȰȰĸдš
Сȸˡ
ȸʶšȡţҪǵã˵ĻһҲ¶
Сȸ£öÿֵ˼־Լƺ
Ϊɶö˶˵ȥȰСӣСӸдţôôõ£
ôµĺզͨ飬ˣ

Ը⣿ī
СȸŵͻҡͷԸ⣡
ֽʣ
ЩСһǻģ
Ǿͽ죬ֻǣ˵⣬͵ȫ֪
ΪʲôСȸƣɺ»֪

Ȼ޷ףīǾðһСЩСºܶˣ

ī޽꣬Сȸڸǰõ
ŶŶŶ͹Сȸëţͷ͹ŷˡ
һ룬գںͷ˯Сӣжĳ֮Ǹˣôµĵط˯ţ
ֻǡëëд¶棬ô˯ѽСû
ֲΡΡط˻ҿֻ̫ұһǻϿշɡ

ī޵Ȼˣ£
СȸС˯Ҫ̺ӵģҪģǲͬ
ī΢Ըȥ̺ӡ
ǣСȸӦ£ȥ̺ӻӵϣǺãŷɻȥ

īм
һС˺顣
ڶС˺ܴ˯ø̺ӡ

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īޣֺһûӦ
룬Ӧ˯˰ɡ

˿Զķ羰īްͷëëָú˳
װ˯īޣȴϸߣλһʱҪȥǣãֻǿ˿ûȥ̺ӣӲȥīĨҩ
룬ֽ̺ӻ
īͷ̫˯Ժ˯ī޸īҲţ˯ǰǻ˵˵أ

˶Сػī޵Ĳ˸׼ʼһġ
ε˸ĸ󣬻̫Ӹ磬ǳã׼īĨҩСȸ˹ӣ
Сȸ磡ûаҹ֣֮㻹ЦŸк
磡Сȸ䵽ļϣ˵ӣ뵽һܹļϵϵķӣ
ʲôӣ
ԸļдţԷˣ
Ŷ۾ֱ䰵һ㣬ǣ㲻˵Ҳûӳȥô
СȸĶߣ´ΣǳȥŪԵĻʱҿ͵͵ţȸǳĻʶ·

Ķȴҡͷã˵Ǳīģ£Ҳ뿪һǵôأֵˣ㻹֪ɣֽīޣһûϣҵ͸īޣ
װ˯ġԡīޣ

СȸҲɵƬ̣ٵ˯ǰˣīīʲô취īһ֪ģ
Сȸżȳ򣺡дѽʱͳͳɣ
룬ҲУϵɺѹһӦСȸŵġ
СȸǰһŰֽį̄ʵıʼܶС

̾
Сȸ˵ء£ֽ̯ĵؽīпСȸһԿţֻСÿ
ִʣʼдš
Сȸ䲻ʶ֣ҲվļϿдһһ֣жīζСȸȳ򣬾ãͷλѹ

ᵽīޣ븸ĸֳΪģīһȥơ
дú󣬴紵ɣֽۣŷУСȸӣžȷɣͷҳȥʱ͸ߡ
ѽûлɣŸ

Сȸסżԭʧ档
дţͷīĨҩСȸҲӵﶼ㾲ĵطˣīСȸ뿪С磬ȥ˼š

ʱİԽԽĵãһʱȥֽ̽īޡīûд
û𡭡ֹţĨ˻ҩٽУīޣûѽ
īԲ̴۹װ˯㿴š
ֱЩʧֹ֡ǰû˵ʱԼæҲûΣ˵һ˾ͺùµŶ

µ
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ǰֻɵīٲ㻹˵
֪ѽСȸҲѽԶһģ˵ҪˣȻ£֪ģԲΡ

ī޸ɻѲܸСԶһ
ȻѾͲͬˣҵİ
īԶԣʲôʱ˵ģ
ѽ˿ڻ˵ɣ˿ٹͻĨˣСȸ˵ҶЧģܿͻõģ㡭
ֿʼߴߴīޱֹȴĪãҲûкܷꣿ෴Ųů⣬룬ðɡ

˵æѾ˵Ҫī޻ȥĸ¡
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īף治С˶Ǹĸ˵˵ѡ
С˶еɵֻܵһ£
ҲǣǸСɵӣɹһУ񱩵ʱŭҲɥ£Ҳɵɵ

ʱԴڻʹһһֱ뿴ʹʲôӵģϧ͵͵ߵǿϣҲûп
˫ƬϣСʣòѽ
īֻһ̣֪ʲôʶؾͿڣá
̫ҿŴڻʹϿշ
֪ôһµīޣ

˷ܵī޺ȻпǸɰСɵӡ





13  ʮ   ɱأٶǡ

Сȸȥ˼ţһֱ磬Ҳǳ˼䣬һţҲûж࿴羰ǵĻʹҵʺ޵ССͣڴϣ˱棬׼ȷؽŷӵٴϡ
ܿ죬汯ݵĹŮɨʱɻͻȻŷ⣬ŷϵֺ㶣ϲתܣضˣµš
Сȸĵطˡ

ϣ˳ò£Ҳ֣ȥ
ȴڽҪ뿪ʱ˿Ծͷµľǿȥ
йɲԵζкĴħڴˣжҲ֪ܸܵƺЩҲڼԼΪԭĵ͵СǸܲģЩһֱī޵Ľ
ձ㹻Сȸá
ʵСȸиʣλī޵ĺ״Ӻζʲô˲ܽ˳ԷָǶ֪ΪΣܾЩ֮ƺЩʲôϵ
СȸҲҾô±֣ŤͷϽȥ

ĵسҲĵػأ˳ֿ١
صСʱīһûһظ˵ŻһۣͷȻҲǡ
;ͳԵģܸ˵ظīѾӦпյʱ԰ȥŸҸĸ𣿡
Ȼԣ
лл㣡³û˷գֻŸĸĻš

īϵ˿ڣֻʣ黹ûĨҩţ죬깤˸˯ʱī޵ë˯

˯죬Сȸŷɵī޸ǰ˼ķָ
ī۵¶ֻ볹ŪҲôģҪŪصֻܿ췣Ҫ췣ͱɱ飬Ҳؼʱ㣬ڣܻܼǵҡ
ڵĵط֮⡣
طԼ֪Ǽûдɱ䣬Ҳûб췣ʧˣŵúܣĴѰ

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ôȹ飬ЩְֻڣʵǵȹЩ˵˭
ħˣȻű˵İΣ
īԽԽ֣⵽Ϊʲô

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ī޻ع񣬼ԼķԸ֮ǣ»ظȥȡŵʱȥڣǲĴڡ
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Сȸߺī޲δ룬棬֮ǽá
ֻҪãǻڣ־˭

ī޽ڤ˼С

һ˯ѣǰСȸ򣺡ӣˣ
Сȸ磡˲ϽīͷǴë
ӣѾ͸ĸˣҲ˼ôͻˣһȥȡţ
̫ˣ̫лˣϲѡ
СȸЦȥ뿪˵ģ
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СȸֻСӺÿɰЩħ֮£˼ĻʵܵӴ
Ҳûж˵

ӣʼһĨҩûмīޡīڳ˯ûлӦû˿˵ܲþЧʵҲ͡
µطѾСƽһʱ䣬ͽɡ
㽫ʣµһҲϽĨã룬ԼһֱСȸǸīЩóԵİɣ
ʵʳġСȸʵ֮
㲻ͬҪԵģ˿϶ã
СȸȰð͵ĵϡ

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īϲ㣬Ҳô㣬ĸ˵أҲܲôĢĢˣڹʱ򣬾ͼϲĢȥժЩĢ
ǵϴλ˵ǶɫĢصȥңֻϧǶĢˡ
ժĢǰҲСȸϸȷЩĢûʶŻժ¡
Сȸ˸С¨ϣֻˡ

˵置կҾôС¨ɽģ
￴Ѿܾã
СȸԼȸڰܿ죬ժһӵĢȫֺģһĳ֭ˮǳóԣīһϲģ

ժһ¨ҲϽȥ
ǰܵϴժĵطϲһЩûв廨
һ֦ܳǱȻһСȸǲ£ϯض֦һžͽЩժµĻൽϣһһƯҲܴĻС
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Ҹīģ
һϲģ
չʾСȸǿ㿴ǻ۵ģ̫ҹɻ۵ģܸˣ
Сȸô
Цʵڹʱ鲻缸λֵͬܣģʸ⣬ֻҪ֪ܽʶǵУǾǸһӵ£ܲ׾

СȸЩ˼ҲЩˡ
ߣȥϣС¨ܡ
Сȸǽŵī޵ͷ㺦³īޣŽСߵԣ򿪻ϵĻۣī޴ϡ

ɱأٶǡ
ǵĴʵãЩë׵ģȴֲſſëŵӲһѲ񫣬˺üѣԽԽϲ


ī͵شһڤ˼





14  ʮ   īҲܱˣ˵öá

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ī޵צӶڲû£ֲֻֻǣ˫ƺȫ
ֹ
ûֹ
ľҲûУ̱ڵϡ

ڲסʣ𣿡
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Сȸ״ԣɵī޵棬ֻī޵°ڵ棬۾ţȴһֱڿŵתתȥ¸ƤҲһˣ
Сȸŵӣ˲ˣЩԣǲ˲ˣ

ôˣһ⻰ŵøϽɿ֣ǰܣܵīϣҲҪ
𡪡СȸϽֹô˵ģ
ѾӣСȸʹǰɣȴҲؼʱ򣬵õꡱī޸Ͻ룬ס׹㣬ŵ档

뻹δɿѾ嵽ǰʵôˣ
īȫܾ㣬ʵ̫£ڶûſһҲ
㺦µۿˣֱסī޵°ͣôˣﲻҪҰ
䵽ī޵ϣѸٱñ

īǽȻûɵƿƤ¿ֻܿͷ
ˣСȸϽ
ͷЩСûйŮ̺СȸҲЩԼҲᣬͷһͷںڳɢڼϡʱߺڷѱմʪϡ
СС˶˫ۺᣬ͸
ī޲콫˶㲻ૣī΢΢죬̽࣬СȸŵΪҪСӣ

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°ͣ㲻ҪŶأ

īֻ̾С˶Ҳǡ
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ī޺Σֻóϣǡ
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ﶼɰ
īԶԣȻ˾ɷɰ

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ţСȸ֤СȸǶģǶ˵Ư
īĵƳСȸһۣСȸͷÿ
Цп㿴û˵ɣֻ˵еѹϧ㿴

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ģ۾졣
ī޿ʼڣаԼû¸ɣǶС˶ڴģֵͷá
ã
ϽܵһԣСȸȫŷߡ

īſڣһˮĻ⻬羵
ۣҲˣܿˣīǰָˮ㿴ܿ𣿴ܿ𣿣
ī޿УԼּӲĺɫֻССĲɫ
˵ʵ룬ܿЦ
Ҫ֪һǴȥܴһƬˡ
˷ڴڶԣǽ˵ʲôŶ
˿ʵҲûôЦҲȷмֿɰ

ֵͷɰƯ
˵ֱģŬҪĵٸһ㣺Ҳ뿴뿴ʲôģ
ֻϧôģҲĲߣ
ī޿ٶ̽룬ס㣬ֻһ͡ɡ
ī޽ŵԼͷһȥûɿ

㿴УɫǽǴɫĻ
ÿٿԼסЦ̫ˣЦţ뾵е˫Ѫ۾ӡ

˵Ҳ֣ͷһؼû¹īޣǸҴӡ
β֪ΪΣ㿴ī޵˫ۣſЩ
Ȼǿ־ֵӣɵǺֵӣҲ֪

ĵͷȴ̲ס̧ͷڿ
뵽д̫ӸȥԣһֻǣֻǾôģ̫Ӹ˵ΪǵУ

ֲǴѽ
ѣī
ī޵۾ļ϶룬ÿÿô磬ô
īҲܱˣ˵öÿ

ѵþɥΪֻɥ
룬ǴҲܱˣǾͿԲվǣ֣ǿһϲ飬һԱʳǸöѽ





15  ʮ   ǣʹ

İī޿в̫⣬ŲǻЦô
ͷھɥīǿ㣬Ҳڷ
СȸִҪ㣬ҲҪˤСžߴһڵϡ

һƬ찲ʱ򣬺Ϊҵܻܵңɱǧģҵܻܵң
ֱԴ¿ȥñȽϸߣݵĲҲһۿȥʲôҲûСֱǸҳҵܵܣôʰǣأҳ
һݵĨɫǶɫĢɣ

㲻ˣŽžҪȥīŵϡ
ī޻ûɿʱҪȥЩζǷſ룬ۼһŶɫĶȥоЩʧ䡣
С˶ȻΪԵĶȥ
Ҫʲô

嵽ǶĢǰϲСĢ㣡ôˣ
СĢ֪ôСӣ
īѾܲȴЦǶСĢ𣿡
ҵܵܣ˯һܾܵͲˣǱǸ͵ˣϵζҵܻܵң
ЩգժʱѾϸϹժǸģҴȥҡ

㣡СĢߴ١
ȴЩ̵ģСĢӼúܣ㣬ؾͰεسߣקסȾҪܣ㱻Һ̽סŵ˿СĢͷٴߣ𡪡īȴڵ棬ŭ
СĢˣ˻ȥССһĢ
ϵ룬Цûմ
Ѿ֪ī޽ʲôǸϲС

īپؿСĢһۣŷſ
СĢŵɡڷҡΣܲǰ·ȥܵܰɣ
ڱ¨ҵСĢĵܵܣܵܣСĢȥĢһɫĢ
ܾȣܵܲ˵
СĢԸȽϳ壬Ҫ䣬ֲĢ޳ʶģȴܵѹҲ˵ˡ
˵ףСĢСȸͬͨʶȫȫΪīޣ˵Ģȫī޿ơ

ܾܵҪߣԲɣסһ𰡣
˭Ҫס¶һڵҲûеĵطûУ
СĢſھ˭Ҫ㡪ĢɡȴܿƵתԲһĺ۾СĢò˻˭ҪסһĻһҸɡҸСĢ

𣡣Ц۾䣬СĢڱǼϣģһǺܺõģҸһǽԺ˯
СĢȴܿƣءЦ̫ˣҼõ˰ɡ
ֱۣ̫ˣֶһСĢʣԺͽСĢɣòã
СĢпŭŲҪְ
ȴֻܹԹԵϾСĢôõ֣ȡ
Ҳôãϲ

ͷβСȸûֵЦ
˵ʵЩ죬סûСĢ۸СĢƢ̫ˣͲˣԭҲܹ
ȻܿóСĢܺ˲Żˡ
۴ӵض˵ŻССĢģ࿴һ۶˺£

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Сȸ;ط֣˲ʱͱˣѩڣͦá
СЩϧֻĵܻܵ˵
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ţ

СȸĳȻЩɻȥǶһģ׼СĢĵܵӵʶʼ˵أ
׼Ľ죬ľС˯ǰСĢĵܵܿ˵СӸˣ

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ʺֱ˹ȥ
һֱԺģ̫ӵԴȥɽŴ壬ÿҲ
ԭһӶǡӲ񡱵ߣʱһֱûϢҲȥλ˵ʿĵ
ȥʺ޵

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ϸһ飬ÿһ֣˼˻ּ٣˵ȷһˣá
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ǲ˵ƣֽһҲޡ

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ûҿǻǵȵȡ
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ҲֻӣҪİΣΪȡ

ǣ
ʺҲˣۺŴǣɻʺдš

λվڹſڣ֪½޿գҲǣǹ֣תȥ
Զʹƽҡһ䣬ﻹĹɵʿģǺϸ
һ˵ʵۺȻǣʲôչòˣϴ˵ˣǣʹȥ̽
ֻϧʹеû룬Ӳˣ
Ҫǰ첻ˣϴǵŪǰ
һ˿˼ڤ˺ܾã˵֣סǸ䣬ҵҪǸֻҲһ׽ס





16  ʮ   ͷβ

СȸͽǷ׷˶ע͵ĢСܿ˵
СȸΪԼӮȴû뵽úܲңĢСʼû˵
Ϊī޲ٹ㣬ⲻԸ

Ϊĵؿʼζˣ

СĢɲСȸİӣǸ¨ӣѹںҲҶ̬ȲãҪͣǲܵģߴؿʼ˵˵˵ˣ˵ŵģƫֺȤҲǴʱ֪СĢѾǧˣ
ֻǧʮ꣬Ҳǰʱͨʶ˵ѡ
СĢҲСȸżĻҪ࣡
Ͼȸǰڽʱкܶ࣬ɥ
ȻСĢƷĢʵζرûκԸǣǳ١

͹СĢ˵ʱŴ𾪣ֲʱɵЦ
СȸҲǧֻëŹԹԶĢ̸ǰǰĹ¡

⻹ʷͷһأīѵʱ㣬һ仰ҲûУ˵
ī޻ԸֳԼǳһӣҲûرȥвСĢ
Ģ˵ø𾢣Լֵǽ˵òãҪȥī˯ˣ컹ҪīĨҩأ
СĢ˵Ũ˵˵
ī޵ɹСĢһ飺˵˵ȥҪˣȥϢɣ
ã

ī޸ϽۣͷաܵīǰСʣ˯
ī޲˯Ŷ˯īûȥˣСȸǶԶԶġ
ĴҪīԱ߽ӣЩʱͿԲ˯ˣīҲ۰ɣ
ͷǵôСˣʲôء
ī޸Ͻġ뿪ڣʲôӣ

īޣˣ㲻˼ǲҳˣ
ʲôӣ
ָָԱߣЦӺòãͲ˯ͷܲɣ
īĲԸ⣬ͷ˯ŲôԼ˵Ǵë˵ˣôС˶ǵʲô

ܳԼĲԸأҲԾܾ͵û̽סֱԼԴͣѾ֡ɡĸо˫ۣǳ˵صַۣˡ
īǳãִСɡ˺һ
ЦīޣҴһĢ״Ӻòã

ôŴӵ¶أ

ī޳ʣϲӣ
ǰȻصͷӲӣǼѽ

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īʣֻĢ
Цǵļѽֻҵѡ

ģ
ī޺ȻرģֱĻŭŵļ

ֵܱ˾ͺԺǾͿһסڼ˾ͳѧ飬˾ͻؼҳԷ˯˵ֶīЦ㲻ܱˣҲûйϵѽһһֱģ

׶αīҵʱΪħұʶ壬ÿ춼ǳʹ࣬ͺñһ죬Ҳˡ
Ϊĳ֣ļ侹ƽ͡
ͬڴǰǸīеĮȻֹˮǴϲõƽ͡

ָо֣á

ҡ
ī޽ŵԼ˫ǰСС˶룬СҪԼһֱһġ
˺֮󣬻ΣĿһ𽨸ӣסһ
ˣ

īĥšˡۣѾϰߡɡеĸо֪īڣԼǲܵȥġеػȣͣٿܸߵĵ棬ֿգʵΪʲôֻа죬ûҹأ
ҹ
ǰȻƺܺÿϵʱϵǺҲƯһ񵽹ǡ˵뵽īƺǿǣֽ½ǵֶס

ܶ˶ΪǺɫ˵õҲûϾںܶෲˣǺֵĿӷΧܿȷһƬ
Ƭ֮£ٿ
īǾסδܹĵطͥһ硣
īСͲ̰棬ΪĮһһۣżȥͥδȥ˼䣬һֱС£Ȼδҹ

Χ죬ƭƭǺڰĵطŶ֡
ʱī޲֪ҲкµĶºڰ
ħ֮󣬺ڰػ񱩡

ī޲Լ־أﵱȻֻ磬ɿǳӣʣϲҹ

ϲѽǣԵƣи״ĵƣɺÿˣǽԪڵƻʱ̫ӸڹģҲ֪ԭʲôŲǸƵӡٿ죬еʧ䣬ˣ͸˯ˣҲ֪ʲôʱǰ죬ʲôʱǺҹʱ˯۾ѹΪ
Цīޣģһģˣٳȥ

֮С˶ϲطҲϰȴԸͦá
СɵҲ֪ⱲӶûҹš
ī˿İϧ֮顣

ºīҲԼʱԴȷе㲻ѡ
ɵյɵȫһʱ嶯̧գɫ㰵ҹĻ׺ǣ㲻˼ؾһǣˣ
ֳī뵽˵ƯһʮԲ£ӦоУµҹĻ֮ϣƯ¡
ġѾʧ֣૵𡭡
ҲȻиǵУϲءۡһͷϸǿǣī˵ŻҲƯģ񵽵Ĳһ

ȻһЩǶǱģǡ
ҲƯʣձڵĺƯ
Խ˵ԽòԣֱԼڲ¿ȥīѾ˫ۣīڲī֣Ʈվī޵ıϣôˣج𣿡
ī޲ø

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īۣ۾һ죬һһڣ˿ڼȻҵʱȻǲܽܺҹѰȴΪʱңʩ˷

ǵ˭кܺڣˡ
˺㣬뽫˦ȥ˦ԼԽԶĵطԽãȻѾҪԼ뿪ֱıվ˫ǰǵʣô

īۣ۾ͣɫ
˿
ī޿ڣİ㲻𡣡
ңҲ£
Ҫ㡪
㲻ҵģ϶

īǰȴʼֳַЩƭڰطһֵǣɫԽ죬з·쫷磬צӺȻŵ棬ѾղܶģԴſѪڣ𡪡

ɱˣɱÿһˡ
涼ʵе㺦µģֱۣǰΨһܱīޡ
ī޵ıϣī޵תԼϵСɥʧǵͷⶫקȥ͵УīޡۣСؽ֣΢΢طŹ⡣

𣡣ī޳
ôˣ֣۽ǣʧȥǵīȴǴ̼һԾֱӷգĶȴرסҵҹзȥԽңڣ˦˳ȥ

ȴǣ뻹ס壬㱻˦ȥڿе˺üأֱ˻ī޸Լžͣ˦ȴܻ㱻˦ī޵ͷҲڷſ
СɷףȴȻŬ¸ҡ
īʱͷѸī޵Ǹ־ͽסī޵ǡ

ī޽סȻХһתɣ͵𶯣ʹһɿǣֱֱ׹䣬ûжקס

ΪԼҪˣīȴ׷סӵߵһ㾪δʱīͷͷβ





17  ʮ   Ƕ顭ˡ

ٴ󣬴ôߵĵط£Ȼѽ
ûлعأͱīôͷβ˺üأ񣬴󣬴ô
ī޲㵽Ц
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͸͸һ˫۾Ҳڿī޵˫۽ѪɫڲƵɫ㳯գգۣʣ㻹

īʹصХ㻹ûзӦʱջͷŤͷߡ
ιϽѾѸٷԶܿͲˡ
ϣҪôȥ

ī޷ɵСľͷˮһ޴ĳԼˮס
˼ѣˮ׽ŵУŵʲô
Ȼ֪еĵط
δ˴ǰأ㲻Сûж룬ֱʱȻ
ûԹˣû

Ƕ顭ˡ

ܻΣī޴ʱһͨ죬ȻһСС˶飡ֻΪ˼ǣ
ԣµѡ൱صһ¡
ŵΪʵǹ񣬲ǶԼ棬ͻǸԼͦõСɵӡ
Ϊ£ļ䲻Ϊķ
ڶزˮף˻ͰϵС˶

СȸǲѾԶȥǶطԶԶģŵŨҵĺζǶˣѣѵûߣ
ԥǻǰõ㷢ǣϽǻ֡
СȸɵǰüһСȫǴζȫǣ
ǲҪˣڼȫǴζ⵽ɰСӣֻζûѹǵ׳סˣ

Сȸûôһ£ͼ죡ܲԾȻˣҺõ
Сȸָ˸򣺡Ƽˣ
ǿȥ
ãСȸҲأͻȻͺˣʱХ

һȸī޷ߵķȥ˺ԶԶڿīޡ
ôһ뿴ѣʮ¹
أżسī޻֡
īˮ񣬸ûлӦ

Сȸǻ½ȥī޵βͻ¶棬βͣ˳ǰߣī޵һ뽫˦ȴСһ㲻Ҫѽ㵽ôˣﲻҪѽ㲻Ҫѽ
ī޸ûˡ
̽ǰߣԽߣҲԽˮгֻʣһԴ¶档
Щ꣬ˮ

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ī޲һסӣ¸ҵˮȥȻʵûо飬һǺԣԽˮˮצСͨ죬īŻæˮг
ſī޵ıȣī޽Դſڵϣӱϻͷī뽫ǰһ㽫Խȥˮȫ˳
ǱҲ˲ʰ߿ȱߵǵسī֣ȿȡȣ㵽סȿȿȣ㵽ô

ī޵Щ
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īвӦͷħٶȳХйе

ȸ类ˣֵģ۾ɵԲؿ
ī޺꣬һйſϣһԭ򣺡ºڡ
һԭֻ𣿣

ʣΪ˵ҹŰձڵ𣿡
ī޲˵㵱Ĭϡ
ѵóĬĬī޶òϸȥ㣬ȴͷ

˫ճСȭͷī޲㿪ʱ
̧ͷī֣ī޽Լǰơ
ֱסīޣī޵ϡ

ī޻ӲһҶ

СԺ󲻿ˣΪʲôȥһܵģѹġȻɣѽҲкµĶҵҵļˣҲ뿴Ժһˣһ㣡
˵̧꣬ۿīޣʣòã
ǰС

ī޶̫棬ȴƯˣܾ֮󣬲ŴӦ˾䣺á

Цī޵
ī޵͵һ𣬿¹⽻֯µܿƵأ̽ͷ⣬Ҳ





18  ʮ   ī˺þãסǾơ

īﶼģֱЦ㵹Ǿú棬ȥī޺ü¡
㿴ֻǱܡ
Ѿʲôȴ׵á͸Ҳȥ㣬ҺźɫɶҲ

Լ湻ˣҪī޷ſīϣЩ˿ڣȵط֣īϵ˿ȻûȫãٶЩϣ˼ˣҶð

ʵϣõĻǣЩԼԪһܲã
īҲû˵ʵ飬αС˶أ
ҲҪīްīûӦ
˸Ĵ̼ī޴ʱ֣ʵҹҲûô¡

ңҲϣԼ㣬ͷ¹ҹգһʣɱ˵ɲʱ֣ʱп񱩵ΣգҲúԼΨһҲûˣԺ󻹻˭
ڣ룬ԼܻΪġ
˵ҲȤС˶Ѿüء

һǾ˯ںߣԭ˯ī޵ͷ
īȴϣʱʱ̿̿˵ԼϻЩʣ˯ڲݵϣݣǳСȸ׼С̺ӣůůġ
ˮһ¹£˯Ͳ΢΢żĸ󡱡
ī޾ôؿҹľԽԽ٣ԽԽ
֣С˶ƺʲô˯ʱ˳˯ò˵һĽҲòϣССˣҲֵѧϰĵط

ЩҲ᲻ģΪԼʣΪħʣʻΪޣѿѿ
ǰ˯ɰС˶Ȼ֣ЩƺѲ¶
³̾īޡȴȻ֣ͷȥ
۾ҲûȻڳ˯С
ѽֹһ

īްЦǺǣȻҲС˶С

ȫǲ̽ͷٶüġ
ֳʱѾջأץ˸գ漸䣬ջַ֣˸˯øΪ
ī޴ʱףΪ˵Ǻÿ

ÿ

ΪҶȷʵãŪҶٸĨһ飡
īνӱ٣һ㣬ûʲôԵġ
ͬʱҲīߣСһĢӣīҲӦôһ룬Լֱ̫æҪ

Сȸȥ˼ȡš
īֲʲôݰǰҲ֮ϵ£Զ
Сȸȥ֮ǰˮСȸţٳ˼䡢ʹᱻκ˷֡˼ʹе٣ɵڵ͵ȣСȸī޵ɽ
ĬȡرʺĻţյŵʱ˵ֱī޵ıϱҲſһī޵ԴܣҸʡĸһˣᵽˣ

Ŷ˵ʲôī޾е档
ĸҴǸлأҺúö㣬ұǲ֪Ҹɺ
īЦĵã뽫ͷžҿ
ۣϵ֣
Զԣϵ֣д֣

ĺѽֽ
īѸɨ㵱Ȼͬò˵ԵۺܴҲдģ۸СӰɣ㣬Сī޴δйĸĸЩݡ
룬ЩĿԴȥĸĸ
뵽ЦĵߣС˶ǰһٽ

ܻȥдţСȸĢ̶ߴߴ
ʱѽȻͬī߶˸һСӣԱһƬ˲ٵĻĢܵҲס¡
СȸľľΡ
ʱСϣűдţϦббϡ

֮ССﲻҹһճ䣬ԽԽһʵ硣

֪ΪΣСȸĢ̳˼ܣ±ʿʼȰܡ
ī޿ֻЦûȥŻ˭ԽȰУۿʼڤ˼

Сȸڶȥ˼ţкˮ£󷽷ؽ͵ϻĴߣţ뿪
ϴһܸܵħĴڣұϴθˣ
ΪĶٸ׳˵ûżߣСžǷһȦı£Ҳû˵Щܸǲȫ
ͦĵģϾСӵļңСӳ
أҲﵱɰҡ
СӼǻңǶСӵҲϣĸĸΣա

˼ţŷһȦûջеɥ
㱾¹ûʲôˣųȥѴ¸ߴȻϮܿ磬ڱܣСȸθߣʹߵշɡһҲʤڷɵøߡкãΣʱֻߵĵطɡ
ΣһֱԽԽ
ŵýȵø𾢣ȴ͵һʹʹצץסͷһۣȻϱŷǿĹ⣬ֱӽצȥǶԷҽУСȸһǴǿˮڱҴһͷۣ׹ĺɫӰƺҲʲô
಻Ҷ࿴Ͻˡ

صС΢ůůС㻶ЦǿͨͨĲŻɵߡ
ī޿һۣͷ

Сȸվ
СȸˣЦŸ񣺡СӣһˣѾ͵Ҿȥȡš
̫ˣôú۰ɣȲŶ
裿СȸҲܺ棬˵ǷȵĶ

ЦеͷѽҲǽ¼һЩҶȻɹ˺ʺݲ裬Ҹհˮպãݺһ˵ţ͵ݸһľӣĲˮ̣˱ǡ
СȸϲоҪȣȴֲѹ
Ļͷۣڵ
ˣΪֵأ

ʱͲҺˣݺһȥЦȲ裡ҶݵĲ裬˶ܺõŶ
áīӦ¡
ûоܾ˵ذѲ豭ݵǰ죬ιѽ

ۿŴҪˣҲٵʵ̫㣬Сȸͷȣðɣǹѹˡ
ֻ÷²豭ؿŴְǱ趼ˡ
ôú𣿣ڴʡ
īֵؿ佱
ˣתߣҶݼ

ī޾ٿСȸһۣСȸˣ׼СݵĲ裡

п޿ݵأҲҷʵط²豭

ܣպõһˮιī޵ĶŷСȸﻹǱûɻСȸôѽ㲻ϲ𣿡
Сȸ޲ҿޣˣҺȣ
īһȲϲң˷ѡ
ҲǣСȸ֣Ǿ͸ȰɣҶģ
Сȸдޣȴֻ΢Цؽٻ㡣

ϽܻīǰҪѾˣ˻᲻۰Ҫ
īֱӵסбӣһھ͸̽ȥȵøɸɾ
ЦĺϲԺһݲȣ

ī˺þãסǾѵĳ嶯

СȸͰ͵ضֹˮȡ
¸¸¡ĢֻЦҸóѽ





19  ʮ   ͱİ

ڹȲʱϲͷһ׷ۣȥҿзۣƵĶҲī޺ȵģϲĲ衣
ĢҲţܵܣһȥҷۡ

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īĬãӳֻϽκãûԼԪ񣬲һħָǰΪ֮أ
ʵϣ֪
ôΪ壬ΪЩʧȥȻ֪Լʲô
㣬仹֪ҪʲôȴãôһС˶ţԼĽ첻ܡزܵСӵҲ

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˼ҵʱɱˣһⱻΧôĺʹ
ʱѣҲ֪Χ£Ȼ򵥡
ΪҪ̳еλ£Ѹٱ֪
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ǲܣ޹İļǽۡ
ײؿΪ

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˵Ҳ֣Ҳû뵽ǾħᣬʱҪҵħ᣿
īЦֻ̡
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Ը͸ţš¼ţȥ˼һˣڻʹĸ䣬ɫɫڶɫڱɫϡ
ǣСȸһ飬ֵǵʣأ
Щţħ־;ƽ˻ʹڣһڣǾ¡
ˣСȸ䵨СȴŴСȥ˼䡣

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Ģ̸ģ˳Ȼóԡ
ܿ죬ִһ³ػˡ

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īΪ⻨ǸԼժģϲãֵƯ
ѽƯŶ˵ţͳһ仨ĻĻкöۣúó԰

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ѻݵߣ㳢

ðɣǸĻ

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Сǣ׹ֹһΣͱİ¡

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С˵ĸĸˣȻҲᱣá
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ʺ嶼ʱµĲ뵽ЩʺЦҲûˡ
֣İɣǵĺиûµģЩ죬ûСһҾʹһ겻񣬾˵ˣˣҲøˣ





20  ʮ   ҵδѽ

Ǽˮţ˼Ŀǰȷûʲô·ڸ쳣ƽ
ɾСȸҲ֪ƽԨƺӿ¡
ãϣӦ̫ģ

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лأ˵˾䡰ôûء
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ī֪꣬ҲֻΪѣ
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˵䣬ִˣ㱧˱°̫ͣ
˵꣬ȸǽ͵īϣǰСȸƤظīϴ衣

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Ҳ˵һ㣬ڿظòȥ·ϺСʵ⣬ѡħӰѽȥ

ŻСȸƵϸͲడΪʲôСء
ĢҡĢͷЩСᰡﶮ
СȸȸҪְϲ˵СˣһԲϣһһСֳ

ÿ춼ī޵˿ڣʲôʱܳ׺
Сȸȥ˼ȡţϤĵطţվҪߡ
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īߣˣôһֻɵ

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ԶԣţټʣīͷȾͼææš

Сȸ˿ַյīǰСյ¸īޡ
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㷴ӦЩɵģ¶йء
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Ĳ

ĸ׵ʵʮ꣬˼䰲̫ƽĻʵۡ
ҪλǾҪ͵ȽʹɱһµĵȻҲһѣǻҵµġ
ǵôױɱģ
ǰ棬Ҳеλεĸ¡
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Сȸߺīͷ㣺յ˵ʲô
̫ӸɽŴȥĸұģǰЩأΪһֱкöҪҸ磡
ī뵽Ҳñλ̫Ӳǡ
ĸ˵Ƕڼң˵һȥˣҪúд㣡ĸ󻹵ģʹţ
īްǸСɵӣ˶ãܻΡ

Цī޵Ҳãɵʣأ
ĸᵽܼҵĶ˵ܵңᵽҾҪޣĸͳ˵ȴܺ˵ʵҾеԲܶأ
ī޾һݣܶ˭
ֵ֣ôͻȻˡ

īһ飺˭
գգۣ޹˵ҵδѽ





21  ʮһ   ȻڹԼԷڣ

˵꣬ãˣīͷëë
ʵΪʲôѽ䲻䣿
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ȻͳӴ涼𶯣ֻһΣҪȥϽ֣Ҫסī޵ǣȴ˦˳ȥ

㾪ȴǰһжڱģ֫û㣬ԴһѣΡ
عȵط֣ȻڹԼԷڣ





22  ʮ   ˭˵ī޻ԣ

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ܺ嵽ͷ˰ɣЩźĶ֪Сһǳ⣡ǺܵģѰСµ̫ӵҲˣɼС²ûΣգҲġ

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īѹأ˭˵ī޻ԣ

Ȼؿŷŭ뿪㣬β¶ЦõЦݡ





23  ʮ   ʲôʱŻҡ

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ȷżȻλСӵֳ֪Щ
յûã͸ܵī޵ʱּλӦǱī°ߵСӡ

ܿī޵ϡ
˿ī޻š

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ԹīԨҲ̫ܲˣôǰҲϢɣ

Сȸ˼Ҫпֻʹڵɢˮãȴɱ顣
ѵһֱӴӸ߿׹䣬Ҳѽɱĵϡ
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˸磬ǧǧȰȰذȰ˯¡

ȴ˯ţڴϷȥһҹҹ͵͵ؿޡ
īͷë
ڱϣ૵ʲôʱŻҰ





24  ʮ   ǲʵ

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ǧţС鲻̫ãܶ˵˵ͻðɣ

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ī޸ͨκС

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ȴû뵽ʵֻҪֻ

Ҳǡʼʱ򣬴ǺΪں档
ΣΪ˵ĸ󣬴ӲͷŰߵ
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رѹ





25  ʮ   ϲСˡ

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Сеҹٴα

˼ʱȴЩ





26  ʮ   ʶ૵ؽī

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˯ţ˯ò̤ʵдšţżСȸôһεīˣīڻʹϿգסգ˷ֱ֣ܵ֡

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ŵøϽǰ׷ϵܣܺȻ䣬µбҵͷϣԺһ鿴Ǻɫı飬ϸһǱ飬ʯͷ
µɫʯͷʯͷ濪ʼҡΡ

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žһױ̨ϵľҲڵˤ˸顣

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´Ҵ½ݣҪ˵ʱʱ죬ܵǸǰʱкȻˡһңԶۣܶȴֺ죬ÿ˶

·˭ӣַ·ȾõľźرƵ
ǲòվԭأˣ

ͬʱһƬǵ΢ԽԽܣܹ֮ÿˣǸʣżһֱȴÿζڸʱͻᱻȥ
ں֣ܿͣȴĶǼž

ˡһ

̧֣ٿֱ۷·ѱ鶳ᣬʲôڵ˺ֱۣȴܲҪʯͷ
ֱֱҲסֱֻۣؿܡ
ʻŬߣȴֱ˳ȥڵϣ³Ѫ

ĶҪˣǶˣ

ˡ

ܸΪף֪˶ã͵ؿʼһζߺԽԽ࣬ϵġǡȴҲԽԽ𡪡סĽ
ȴֲī
ŭ뱩壬óܲϣ
ȷ

׷ʲô
㲻ػȥվŵһˮõ͵Ҳʼ䣬ĸҲ˳ȥϵĸʣȴһƵڵء
ʣĸ󣡡Ŭܣȴ޼¡
ַŭǰǶǽ

綼ڻζǼУǺȻԼڰθߣ
Ծصͷȥֻǡǿ£ʲôӵص³ˣ

ǸԽԽƺΪҡ磬ڣ㽥βͣǣƬҲʹ֮¾Ȼ
㻹Ӧɫ״ӵص˳ȥͷ˻

Ҳ֪ΪΣûкµĸо
ȴ͵ػͷӡ
ٿأ˶Դֱӳ̽ſھҪҧ

һ֧ȴķȥ

磡
̫
δãǱϣվڹſڣ֧䣡
üĿ𹭼ٶȥԼԴһһ㿪ȴһʹ຿Уػ˷򣬳ȥ

磡󺰡
ȴŲæ׼۾ǣֻˡ
֧δʱһצӹֱӱ˳ȥ磡ֻشУɶҲˣ
֪絽ôˣٻͷŬĸĸ

᲻䣬½ڵ棬ڽǰϡ
ǣԽԽˡ

عͷһؿŲء
㽫Լֱ۱øʶؾҪ⡰ǡȥģ

ȻҲֻˡ
īޣƴ
̽צӣֱӽץģžڿն
ȴ֪ΪΣ˺üΣҲûܹ죬ҲڰУ͵˻ȴɲ£ڰп˯ǰׯӺݵĹѻΪ棬ĸ߶ѪԽԽߣԼĹڹϽ֣ײײǧݽ㣬ˡ

ı˦ȥԶڵϣһһ

ţֿǶƬڰ֮£кܶɫӰڹƳšţ־űܵİǣЩɫӰڴɱˣСУʬ塣
˶ãͻֵĸ

ǣ⵽Ϊʲô

úúõģΪλĻ
㲻£ֻѹ֪ô죬ҪôЩˣ
ô죿

ɵԽԽƽ˳ץ㣬㲻֪Ҫȥֻ࣬Ҳѽǰ磬ԽԽеġǡ

ô죬ѿ쿸סʶ૵ؽī޵֡
кɫ·ޣеʯͷţǱŭۣӱƬ̣ȴû䵽ϡ

𡪡ȴ˻𣬲ϵг˷ŭп־壿
㻳Լˡ
Сۣ͸ᣬǳĺڲسһ⣬ǵƬ

һ˫˺Ƭǹ˽
㾪ȵŴֻͣһİĺӣƬǵ롣





27  ʮ   ۽˸

īޱڤ˼ΪƣۣûڣЩȥ㣬ܹ۾˼ҲδţЧܲ
ֱϡ
ɲǵȣ˲ʱī޻ѣīԺĳܵץסǵȣܸܵıŭ

ܲڱһź
վǱˣ
˼䵽׷ʲô

ûκԥĿīҲͷХǲԺϵī޵ĺ
ŭô̵Ҷ׷׵ڵأСȸȫԭΣס֦͵͵⿴
ȴ֣ҶУǾСɽһӴˣ

أ⡱һ̴ٶҶر
ֻëţĿɿڴۿţҶ¶ӡ
ȻǶƬ̣ǵӰಡԾգǲ̧ͷѲȴڡ

ī޿űǵץУͰͷ㣬
ȹ⻹Ҫ죬ֱӴұжһѱƵĳâֱֻצʹУѾһֻצצеµ

ſȻֵİӷһʱ仹ûʶԼҪȥˣ
ҲȷûеȥҪ׹˲䣬ӷֱסڿмתֱڵ棬ĽŸŵأû˵ӱҪϷɡ
ιҪסͷҲأֱ˦ˮ㱻סˡ

գ۾ڱڣǱ飬Ϊʲôأ
ѾԾȥʧȥһֻצĵسӶŭУӨӨǿ£ŵӾġ
ſڣȴֱԾıϣеıһֻ۾

˻𡪡ʹҡӣҪ˦ӡ
ȴɵذγҪ׷ʱѾִһֻۣѪ䣬˫ֽճȭǳš
Ѿʼ·عӣȴӯԾȥý䣬ļ򣬷·˼ǹƵѡ

㿴ý֮⣬˷֮飬۾⡣
ն⼸ֻצӣ͵Ƶǰ̧ųһߣأ˸ֱֱڵ棬޴

үֱҪΪƣ
ˣ
ϵ𣿣

ī޻ڵ棬ߵǰֶվŵָ˫ۣĮȻ˹ƻǳҲǣʧȣ˼㲻
𡪡εغ
ҲԶ֣ȥһԪغס
𡪡
ܹȥףԸֻǵλΪµĵǿɣҲ¡ϵĵسУīȥѪξӨ͸ᣬֱԭԱ

ī֣ɫԪģסתȥ

㼤ֱıڱڣкö໰Ҫ˵

ղˣīкܸˣЩĲ˼룬ǳμ˵ģɣԺҪ˵Щʲôźã˵þò˵ˡ
īջеĽƯЦݣ΢΢Щ̡
룬Σ㲻á

ɤӣ㽫ӱзųȴȻɫ䣬ʹűڱڣ˵ʲô
㣬ʵҲеţϲƯˡ
Ҳ֪Լòǲǻܿ
۵ķգ˾裬ֱǱʧĵֲ֪ΪΣõ˶٣ֳһģֻ³ֵɺֱۣӳī޶

ǣī޵ĺ󱳡
īͣ½Ų˫ش䣬ɫԪҲڵء
ȴȥԼԪ񣬷γǣһ̣ٶȴ̽ī޵ĺġ

Ѫī޵ǻŵѪζŻȴζԶںɣɱЩ޴ˣɣɱѪɡ

ī޵˫ֱֱɶǰУֻ㡣

ľżһ㣬ٶ۵ǰƶ˼͵ҡͷȴΧգڰУΧ峰Цͼǡ
ޡ
ޣɱЩˡ
˵ɱȫµˡ
ƾʲôǰݵţȴɥȮһ㴦أ
ƾʲô

ɱɱɱ
ǵԽԽ죬ԽԽܼīֶ֣ǰѽ˫ۺ޸ؿ㣬𽣶㡣

󺰴Уڱڣᣬ΢Ĺ⡣
ԡ
ī޸Ͻַ½㣡㣡еİ£
Ҫһֱһֱһģ
īǰѽǵµȴˣ㲻Ҫûָܻԭûûɱ

ǣǣҪû
ī޼𽣣㿿ȴīʹץͷʲôʱܽǣң㣡㣡

㿴ǰӣ˫۲ͣɫһİɫһ޵Ѫɫʹһ𽣣һ˽
ñ齫

㻹ʲô׵ģ

īްīޣǴ
Ĵˣ
ǣ˭˭ںīޣ˭Ҫ

īޣīޣű飬õͨ죬ȴȥ۵÷·Ҫѿ뿴īʹ࣬˭Ҫīޣ
߿ޱߺī޷·˹˺üȴͦ
ۡޣеȻ⡣

ž
鱻âƣƬܳæīȥ
ٶȴ̽ī޵ĺ󱳣īʹţ𳤽ֱ㡣
ȴɲܲ˵ش󲽳ȥ


Ϊī޵ĳ֣кѽɢĶӵı˹ȴһĻŵ˻ߣȻʧĺ־ۼס޷ǰ
ֻؿǸٽˡ

ɱǡ
īĮؿˣֻٽ㡣

ȴ˽Ļס޵ôǲ۸㣿ֲȥīޱ˿ڣءǲǺۣ㲻Ҫ£ҸĨҩһģ㲻Ҫѹ˵˵òãء



ī޵ͷеˣɻ

𡪡ۼɵȴͦǶִǣʹ󺰣Ҫ

Ҫ۸ˣ
ŵ̧ͷī޿
ǽҪȴ̽ʱһɵǽסֻǣôҲ޷С

ֻǱ棬̫ˣ
ųһССЦݣ̫ˣǲˣǲǣ
ī޵ͷû̫ãī޶ȴޱ

ݵ˲䣬׺ܶࡢܶ顣


ī޵ͷס۽˸ǡ
ᣬīת˦ֱ֣ñ齫㶳ס

㻹ûعأīٶԾգгһ޴İɫ
ͷȥٶŵúܴ󣬴ʱŷ֣ԭī޵ĺɫƬ᷺Ľɫӹʱ⡣
ǱǻҪҫ۵Ľ⡣





28 [] ʮ   ȻҪһֱڡ

īĽ⣬õϵħﶼ¹
Զѹ

ЩħǷѰܣ׷ҪˣīȴŹǣڿУˮһһЩħβͽɨˣħҲȫˣԽԽĺɫӰӿ뾩ǣӿʹ
վڵ棬֪ε˼˵ʬ塣

īֱӷ߿գ֮󣬳ˮˮ֣ٳɱǰΧСʹŤЩħҲںС
ȴҲ˴󺰣ס첻ˣľֵܱĺûᣡǷʳǿǧУ

⻰òУΣҲ޷ٴӱгȥ
ϵıԽԽ࣬ȴڵīԽԽ

ī֪Լ̫ܳãǸ漣ˡ
սһ̣Ҫ飬ԿϵĻ
īʵøߣצгһѼ󡢼Ľ£ֱӽǽ̴ģѣɢ˼ָԭҹľס
īҲþ

ˣջƮ䣬ڴʱбðһǿĺ
㾪īۿҪǵ͸𳯹⣬УԶһֻ޴Ľɫĳչ·ȼգڵסա
𣬽Ǻվ

ȴֻпҪڵϵīޣòУֻŵצץīޣͣǰ
ֱջסı顣

Ͻǰī޷ŵϡ
ī˫۽գ²ʡģСŰˡ
ֻ޴ڵ񣬼ʱħҲ񣬳췣ˡ
̧ͷֻôϤ
ǣͺá

˵ַֻ꣬
ϻɢĺܶɫħһһվסգ϶£סǣؿĻʹһһ޸ϵҲ׷׻ָԭɫֻǶûѡ

ʹȫָԭ̬Ҳٿǰ׷ʲôַֻ֮ɻص棬Σצץ˸ˡ

磡
ֻҲŵǰҿ˳˻Ժѡ
֪˭ˣָλɾ־Ҹһ

ֻЦţԭرˣǽɾ˭

ʺﻥʱϣҲǼվŵġ
¡ʺллҲ˭ҹ֮޹أ֮ˣԻסϴȥȫаյļ䣬٣һжָܻ̬˭Ҳ֪ʲôǱҲСģ˴˵ħȴҲⲻ˷˲С

ģҲ͸¶Ƕй¶ȥ˼ʹҡ
¸ϽӦ£Գһϸ̽

ˣҵˣҹ֮£ҲҪǣ˵ȥ򲻱ҳ֣Ҫǡ
Ȼ

ߵǰЦų֣С£Ұɡ
㿴ﻹ΢΢ġǡ
ҼҵīޣԻúչ㲻ٵġ

㽫ֱ̰Ҫ˵Ķī޵ĶīġŲҪİˡ
ЦôѲ㻹Ҫī޻ȥ
ǿЦͷȻҪһֱһģ

෴ס۱ʺȻҲЩ¡
ֱסī޵ĲſīϣҲܣҪʹһ𡣡
ʧЦҡͷߵۺǰλصģЩӣһС»ġ
ȻǶСӵЦ
ۺ˼ǸŲֵģҲֻõͷͬ⣬ܲƭ˰ɣ
˵˻ǻ

ǾˡǰҪīޣ㲻֡
С£뱧ɱö
ұö㲻˵վʹ˳̵ľҲûܰīޱ

ξۺҲЦˡ

ɴģһצһʱʺżʵλɾβٶƬ̣ξ֮ôҲõٸл
ϻڻ˯ЦЦ
ʵԳ־иԭ򣬴³ü񣬲ȷʵֻͨˣ

ûж˵ûоֱӷա
ĸ֣ʣĸ󣡹ЩӴ˺ˣǻ㣬ҡ
ǵӰʧУ˵ʲôҲûţ˸еĵۺ޵Ц

ʺҡͷЦ⺢ӣ
̾Ҳգҹ֮˵ĵԵҲ޴֪λɾ˵ҲԡֵһȵǰҪƴֵܣƴǣȴַҪҶ
Щħֹһ°ֺ޹
ҲúúĥĥҹʲôҲû£úò̽£ҪץסʲôѱڵҲãʡƼЩ¡

ʺͷǡ





29  ʮ   Ѿ˱¡õġ

Ҫúÿ, ôﵽСһԴģ
Ŭ۾ȻԽյı߽ʱǰǿ, òۣܿ죬δۣѾϤȸ

СȸѾȴܾãƼгֵĺڵ, ˹
˵ֱ֣СȸСȸһ
СȸҲܸˣɵ;ȴ޷Ϸ, кڵԽԽͷǳ򼸺ڸסƬյĽɫ񣬷׷ɵڰУҲ֪˭˸ͷ, Ȼе񶼿ʼ˷ܵУֱȳ
һԭʼ, ĵ

㿴Щ, ֪Сȸô
ཱུڵ, īڲݵϡ
Ҳȥ£˵īǰ, ī޵ɫɷɷ׵ģҲûļʹȥҲҩīˣתĹ򣬽ֽī

ҪʲôסҪߵĽࡣ
ûлͷ, ѹ£Ұīˡ˵꣬ͽī˦ȥŵĶôߵĵط𣿣˫֣æǰܣȴּīڰоͱɾ޴ĺ
˵ĺϲɫâɫ

³ǰܣ¸ڽֵӣסֻīޣҲպǰƣȥ
ӿǹɺİУֻֻȥīʹغУʲôҲţҲʲô
нǴϱſȫīޡ
֪ˣҲ֪˲Ầīޡ
Ǻʧ䡣

䣬īȻɱۣҲںУȴʼֳɫ·Ӧڱðɣ
ԭƣѾī޵汾£ҲǴʱףνĨҩʲôģʵûһðɣ
ûãǲǻܺЦأ

ԭһֱϣҲ䣬ࡣ
Сȸڷ˹СȸˣߵߣСӣˣ׷ʲô
㿴ڵĳһѾ
СȸδĲԾҲûмʣ˷ܵСӣˣ

ˣ㾪ػ
СȸͷǰǷˣµģҼֱţ֮һˣȫֻһֻķѽϴС̾͸ңҼˣĵѪڣǷžˣԭǰ񳯷ܴüţ
ߵȸУ
СȸڼһֱôͨȻˣ˶ˣʲôѽ

ૡ

ѽСȸΪͣͺñ˼Сһ˾Ļ壡˵Ҳзأۿͳģ
硭ʱŷʲôҲ֪

أ˼䣬Ҳ֮䣡Ҳ壡ֵģǵɣֻϧȸ嵽Ҳûķɵġ˾ͲͬɣǲҲǣСȸѾ˵Ҳûйǵ㣬ֹֻǺ֣ȷʵħˣħģħأװס

Сȸֹûмڡ
ϵĽԽҫۣΪ˵ģȴҲΪѹ

ʼֻΪǸϲ˵ģ˵´ɣ֣ҲΪֻҪѴ˸κãģǾͿԶһ
ī޿ԱˣôҲΪīġ
ֱףͲǡ
ǣī޻Ĵ

㵹ԱֻҲ֪īСȸ˵ǰī˺֮󣬻Ը𡭡ֻһˡ

ûа취īˣҲûа취ī˵ʱ

תߵ£ĢߣԶԶؿŽ˵īޣĬŲ˵
СĢ֣ѵҲһֲ

ԼһӺ󣬽ӻʧڿеĽڰбˣڵ棬ңǸįСӰ
г棬λСʱ
ǰ£Цôˣ
ҡͷ

ӻóƵСӣǿ顮ʯͷҰɡ
ûжڽҲʱСңҿ㼸𡣡
Ȼʡ
㣬Ƿ𣿡
Цŵͷǡ
̧ͷѾСȸ˵⻹оɫ

ŵǷˣī
ԾŴͣ
ǣסںףǸĵطݺƭǺڰĵطɥ˲ֻͬҪԪڣɾͲī޵Ԫ񼸺ȫ飬ķѣʧȥ񡣡
ָָգÿɣǺӵǵǣ͹գʵҲԪīʱ֮䡣

ǣʶóеġǡ
û֪Եʣ񵽣ѵõĴ֮ʺǹ档īһԶûôֻҪǻڣͻػɰࡣѽκãʱپһЩܽڣµ
ǰ޷ǣ֮Ҵ׵ĺ÷ǣīҲЯڡ

Щκ˼ˡ
ͺһӣѾ˱¡õĺӡ

໹ڸͣīʧ󣬲ڴ˴һֱҵѽϵκãħҲʧҲ˸ûȥʱ򡣡
ȥغ𣿡
ҡͷҪͬͥ
֪ʵҲްԸ˵øЩīԭۣж·٣ҲΪԭī޲ű޵

żʣȥ󣬻ٱ˺𣡣
Цᣬϴī޲ʣĻУܺǣһᱣ
ǡ֣˵īޣĺܣʣ㣬ϵܺã𣿡
ͬʱһͬ󣬶ǵ֮ĸ
Ŷͷ

Դжм
ҲСī޲ܳŵʱ򣬽СȥԸҲƴĺˡ
˵û˵ٳ֣С£Ұɡ
㿴ƿ˰Σ׻ǰѡǡ˽ࡣ

תҪߣסС˸⣺һҪȥ𡣡
ͷȻǽۣҪ鸺𡣡
˵꣬ī޵ԪŻرУ㳯Ż˯īȥ

㻹ǶԭأؿǱӣڽзųĽлûīڡ
ͷڵָд¡ͥ֡
ͥ˼жԶأ
д¡顱֡
飬ǶôӴ飿
ԭΪθһֱʹһԺ󻹿һؼҡ
ǿһͬȥܶطʳֵ

֪Եľʵ





30  ʮ   ҽȥ

ī, оǳãǻصףڱĺˮ, ܿԼѪҺѪҺտɫħΪʺɫɫϣɼϵħȥ

ˣ
Ϥī, ƼǰЦ̵ˡ
ܲأ౧Թ

īĺõЦЦ̬Цǻ
Ц֮, īޱ㿪ʼѰӰԣ֪ʲôȴܸܵ, ܰģֻĿǰҰУֺɵ, ǴĢʲô˰ɣ
뵽㱳С¨ּ߸˵, ī޵á

಻֪Щ뷨, ôã˸κ, ҲŻڣһȥˣЩӿҸۻˣʵڲʺϸĲ¡
˵£īҲ, յȥ٣
ĬƬ̣ǣߺҾ͵֣ȴǺȻ䣬ҸȥΪʱǣûһǸɹ¡طұҲϤҲ֤ݡ
īЦ

ռ٣Ҳֻ֣ЩӣȫҴ۵úܡ
īȴʣ˼飬ô
೤һҲȷǷʵǸΪɢӡ
ī޵ĻΪǣ볹ױ㣬Źƻ˼ĵˣ˵ҵɵȥ˼ʹ
īʣΪҵΪҪɱң
Ǿ֣ȻǼҪۣ㣿

ԭҲôΪֱ˼¡ֻܹѣҲδǵϸܵ˿˵Ϣ
ߣδħӿ˼䣬ҲΪЩħֻΪ֣ɱңΪΪ룬ôħ˼ˮˮ˷壬ħҲۣΪͻȻӿ˽磿
ѽкȫնΪ̽һǿĺҶδ㼰ʱϵҿҪħǷʳ

⻰ɫȥ˼ôһ˵Щ֣˼ħҲ̫ЩԭħʱͥùܣħҲһ֪Ȥȥ˴ǵȷϡ룬ħȷȴǰ࣡Ҳûоı֣·ǲ֪䡭ҪΣ
ڣħ˭ϴ֪

ҡͷҴùħ£
ƣǴڼ߸ϣħ£ΪǲССϡҲħ֪ħһж£ǵǴҼ˿ڣҾͲ޷Լǲ֪֮䣬ħǰȻͬ
˼ǣ
Ҵȥħ硣īҵ٩ҲɣҲȥʺҵĵطˡ

಻ãܿػɰࡣ
ī޵Ӹߴ䵽ÿһ۵ĵطܿ˼ʵĶī޿࣬ĵ𽥿ʼϲڵݣΣħΣܹ飬ҡ

룬ͷ˵õҲǣȥǣֻǿңɻ
īѵÿЦա
öپΪ˱ܿңǰǻһܡ
īҲù˼Ҹϵ£δʣͬ˵ֵҴصĺǷŽȥѾڣ㲻Ҫλ˼С¸㵱ӣȥħ֮ǰͻ˼ɡ
ī޵һ

ôѲ㻹Сȥħ磿ûЦɣħʲôطܶɶԸȥĵطһȥãûƼǰҪʱж༱Ҫ㲻֡
Ǹúӣʵص㡣ʸѵãҪȥħ簡֪ҪħȥϽ˼ͻȥҲӦĸҪȥ
˵Ҳŷħǲԣ֪ҪʲôͱܲЩ£Ҫ鸺𣬿ֻǸͨˣαǣŹ··Ҳ˸÷ֵʱ򡣡

˵꣬ˣϻҪҲûϾٶ
īǱˣ˳ζȥԶԶһµ㣬ֻͷϥǣҲ֪Щʲô
ī޷䣬һƬˮסӰҲʧԭء
ߵǰ

ʱǳķգī޵̫ˡ
λ˵˵īϳеôҪ飬ĲΪˣĹҲͨͺ񸸻ҲȥϳһλӣԼҪȥΣʵī޵ǱҪ顣
ī޷ֿ
ǣֻǸͨ˰ī޻

ԽԽҲԽԽѹĵֵ죬ڵһдī޵֡

ī޿һд
ԣ£ʵϣǷǳùһ¡
úõСӣץֵطСҰһӣò˷ֿ˵öԣҪȥħ磬㣬ɷ¶һûʽΪǰȷֻͨˣĵطΪΣա

Ȼ޲ɰ¡
ʲôҲǸӡ
㡣

ī㣬
˽ؼִߣǷع

㵹ǺȻվˣҪȥʹʴɷԸߣֻҪÿһʱĸͺã
Ŵµģ
ֻǲʹֿòһϲˣ

תͳܣܵī޹߳ſŵĵطﻹкӰƣȹݵصȥī޶ӣ۾ٿһȫʶġ
ǰ̫ţʵúÿīޣ

ʱīվ£деºڷΨ۾һֻɫһֻǺɫȴֲǺͻأɫǳǳģܵӳ߰ƣÿˡ
ؿ뵽ī޵ȷˡɣرɡ

УճȭͷŬعһҪʳڣ
Ҫʹһ

īޣīʵҲڿ
ڻʹʱΪǵץѼǱСȴǸɸɾģҲʣڷǹ˳뵽ǰЩӵ㡣
ֵطҲֻȸѣ˵ѣ뾫֯ɵ˿ȣ˶ԱȣǰЩʱȷǸСҰˡ
ϲСҰˣҲϲʹС¡
ͬ˵αظЩ

ѡİ£Ի֮ǰϣٳԵࡣ
īѾ⣬˼Լļңħ罫Ū㣬ʱԴغףҲԴȥͥȥµط
֪Ǹĺʢĺӣϲ·羰

㿪ǰīȿڣҽȥ





31  ʮһ   ж֣

īޱʱ, ˵ҪһЩ
ѾԾԼŵ͡ᣬ㻹ǱˡͱҲ΢ţʵʵضҲٺ, Сȭͷյġ
û뵽ûü˵ڣī޾Ҫˡ

ī޵Ҳ䣬ٿˣĵͷ

īЦ, ҲѾԼȥºһ㣬ֻ˵º㲻ͬ
ͷĿӣȷһҪͻȥ
㱻ץס, ҲƼħΣķ

īٵϲĶϣĢ, ɣϲ, Ҳ뷨ӰС

, Щ, ҲЩ
УֻīҪֵ, ʼֶˣ
㲻˵Ὺʼµȫڲݵյòʱ˸

㣬ī޻֪, ֪Ϊ᲻Ҳֿȴòֿ˭Ҳ֪ȥħʲô¿ӣһٱһΣ
飬ѾǸ߸ϵԶҲäĿš
Լһ㣬ȴҶ㱣֤ʱ䡣
㣬СɵӶʱ
ֻϣÿġ

ԽԽģҲٿȥΨֵ¸ĿڣҪһͬȥħ硣
򲻿ɡ
īޱתȥһ䡰׼׼һʱߡʧԭء

㡰ءؿ޳û뵽ûüأҪˣ
޵ģСȸ˹ĵСӣôˣ
СȸҪˣء̧ͷ
ΪΪʲô
Ҫϵˣֻͨˣûа취һߣҲǷˣҲءҾǸӣûˡ
СȸҲֻޣҲܣ˼ҶӣҪᡣ

ȴСʱīʵȥŵúܡ
СȸСӣС㣬ǾסͷתͷңĢأ
Ģ̻ιīвؿۣĢʵͷģһСӸˣ
ȻС綼Ѹ㣬ҲͲīó飬֪ϲǣصŪ״ⶫ൱ԿףʱԽ롣

ԭȵǣһֱϧطϣǿһǿǰɡ
صøǵģһģһݸ㡣

޵ĵ̧ͷˮ˵ҲҪ㶼ˣûˣСȸ˵СģҲҪҲҪͲȫˡء
īĶҪˡ
СɵӣԶֻ

ǰһߵǰֽ͸ۿ
īָСĵؽᶼȥ߸˵ģģħȥ˼Ϊ
죬īɿ֣ǷŵУٰԿףŪҲٻصϡ
Ȥˣ͵档ֻҪǵãܴ˽
̰̫֮࣬Ǻģȴײ⡣

ֱ顣
īʣס𣿡
ŵͷҼסˡҼסˡ
ī֣ٶĻҲ˵ڣҲټīѾʼڡٱתǾ߰ա

㻹δ˵ʲôѾŷգۣصԼԷ
תͳȥͷȥʲôҲûС
ûס۴ޣСӡСȸȸͷ㣬ôҲڡ
ҲˡСȸ룬ܴΪɣ
ҪңҲҪŴء˵Ļ
СȸѹҲֻȰޡ

ʵվڴߵīޣ˵⻰ҪֳΣȥߣָ˲䣬ջ
ʱ
ī޵Ǻģתȥ

ҶܸˣǧݺܿͽСȸҲŮ̻Сȸ飬ദҲá
ÿƲ֣ʺ֪СǸʲôӣ֪λɾͬôã᲻֮顣ͳοɾǲһģƣξ£
º󣿳˼䣬иطҪЩɾȥ
ҵĹԹɾԵ֣ĺ£үҲϲء

㶮Ҳ֪īôĴǲΪͣġ
ĵΪͣ
δֹīޣҲκˣźԼֻǸͨˡ

ҶΪʱˣ㽥ͻǸԶߵɡ
ϾʵرĺӣΪе㱿ģܼǵõ˻̫٣СˣġѹȴҲ̫á
أʺҲרΪ°ο
Ը񵥴ڣҲ
ƫƫΣʶҲô֪жīޣصúܺáҹ˯ţȥī޸С£̲ݵϣŵϤ㣬ܹī޽һЩҲ˯š

һع죬̫̫ȥ˵λɾˡ
һܣһȻǸˣ
þòС¡౾ںȲ裬ЦŴк
嵽ǰ˵þòʣīޣôˣˣû۸ûС

Ц²յһ治֪֮һͥīǴȥħ硣
ħ磿󾪡
㲻֪ī޲δ㣿ȥħЩ飬ƺδȥЩӦѼЩԵ
ħ磬ЩµĺǶħģ

żǲǺΣգôȥ

Цīޡ

ȴȥˣתܡ
̫ûܽסԽ౧ǸЩżǶɾ񡣡
²ضԣЩСڵˣ
̫ҲЦָ裬ǹµĵػΣһһʹ˵˻

㵣īޣħֵطһͺΣգһ۸īô죿īǺɲ٣ɾǰ˿˺һ˰֮īָô죿
˭ܰ
֪ԼҲر԰īĨҩȻˣīñˣƽƽ˳Ҫ֪īȥħ󣬻ΰ

ô죿Ҫôҵīޣ
ܣż룬ܵһ룬ֶסŲܡ

࿴ŻŻܻ¶죬̫Ҫ˵ǰʵ֪ôҵī𣿡
ҡͷҲ֪Ҫûҵ
¶ʧ
£λС²ڵīްɣգǶ͵Ȼ˻ᵣīޣңҲһӹȥ㾹Ȼīޡ

ۿҪߣĵģٳ¡
û˵ʲôʧ뿪

̫ӵĵظȥҡͷ磬û¡
˵꣬ߣ̫ӿıӰ۶ǵģҲû뵽СܾλɾǺãҪԵģǶҵǸɣҲʵû취ŵСǰ

ͷûɵԼĹʱ·λҴҸĴˡ
λ˷׷׸òʰɣǿȥ
˽֪С°ߣ֪ܺ¶ҥµļλĸȴ֪ȷ£ǲ֪еľϸڣΪЩʦֽС¾Ȼˡ
λ˵СµĻոյţɽŴֿʼ籩꣬ж£

һסˡ
ж֣
᲻Ūˣʵīأ





32  ʮ   ˡ

һЩ, ī޿ˣ
ϴξǣЩ۸īޣī, ϵȻǲŵ
īȥħ磬˵ֱ˸۸ˣ

һ뵽Щļ٣ﻹȥ
ٶȻ, ܵϧǣλɾѾ뿪, Ҳȥ˸Ƕ֪βϵλɾ

صԼ鷿ǰ̯顣
һҪȥɽŴ壡Ψһܹҵī޵ķˣ
Ҳ֪, ʡĸ󶼲ȥģֻԼ͵͵ȥ
ҺõǣС, Сֻȸ, ǿ԰

Ҳһ㾭, ֲɫҲδĲԾ
ҹ, ǧһ飬ٶҹֵҹСȸ䣬ĵƣֻյ֮Էųȥ
һС, ʮְˣҶЪ£Ӵߣǿߣ
СȸЩԥʵǻǰرԸܴСȥΣյطҲ뿪ʹ
ЩС֣ЩСڻʹڻ㹻ãһʹ¾˵еػ

Ѿ˵ǻͲǺͬӡʱ״㲻˵ȲͬȥԼȥǣ
С£ҲӦȥʵǣΣգһĶǴأ
дҵС磬лǣǶȥǣ
СȸǾòףĻ˵˵ûûüͱץˡ
ѾȥͷԼĹҪӻʹ뿪ˣСȸŲòӦȥ

СȸεСҪȥôҲҪѴðɣ
ϻ£ǼѴӦȥЦŵСȴѡ
СѾǰͬ㳣ͷ顢˯Сȸ˺ܶϲСΪ˷㣬СȸҲ˲ѽȥ
СȸȻҲҲʹǰͬǧݵһ̵Ҳ֪㴩Щ˼ӷΣҲͷ٣ʵķڡ

żȥīޣֳ˼ϣǡǼɫƵĻӳ
СȸѸٰϣֵǵʱҲͣС´һ̫ÿ
ÿķ٣ոǧݽѧģȴᣬɢźڷʹߣߣߣ

СȸҲĥ䣬ֱ÷˲͵ɽŴ塣
ȻɽŴ籩꣬뼸ǰҹһģһСȸ㲻٣˵ģڰзƬ̻ܹģСȸԣ÷ܽͷƲ֪һǴꡣ
ΪŪЩСϷܱܿģ
Ŀʧû˵ʵСµȲҲˣС¾ǡ

ڰзƬֻ̣籩µɽŴ壬һƬڰΨһźɫ
ָǴȥ
ã
Ǹڵ棬߽Ӱǽϣ̨ŵĺŮ̧ͷ㣡һͬ
ֻ򶨣ŮӵȴǾϲлš
ŮǵǸ׼Ů㻹ǵƺѾ

ߣѾ
ΪΣԭء
ѾЦôˣ㾹ȻܴӶצѣΪʲôҪɽŴ壿
Ҳý£ֱֻ׼ģ
Ѿɬصͷϴε˲⣬ǰץߵĶŮӣ㰲Ҳο١Ҵӳ֪ҽҪ°ߣϴΣ֣֮ҵӲģ߰Сӡ

㱾ֻīޣⷬ˵úܡ
룬½ĲīޣǶҲҪɽŴ
⵽ǸһͬģˣСȸһԣһҲ¡

ѾȰ裬ߵѾǰ߰ɣ
ѾĲҲԸӰ̨䣬ķСȸĵؿ⣬ֻԶд𣬷·ޣëȻСȸס첲ٽһ㡣

ȻǼ룬ӯ˵ȫ紵
ѾŵѾʼУȴ˷ܵ⿴ȥߺ𣿴
˷ûκλӦ
ȥСȸżקסɣ

˵䣬ӿеĺ򱻾üȫѾǱ紵棬˼ڽɪɪҲһƬڰ˦Сȸ֣ߣأһ֮㱻ƿ

ϴһģһ

īҪˣīҲȡīǿǣֻǱ飬ȴעī޵ڰɢ͵Ĺâͷ쿴ȥӭɫ½ǣҲĺɫվڹԴ룬ֻͷȻк֡
˫ۣںź

ĺɫƼеĺڷ꣬ܵǹɼµĴ
˷ܵÿʼУǴĿģһ壬ֱȴڽҪ˲䣬ǹݺݵص˳ȥʹ˻Уתߣȴֲ㣬ǻͷ

۵ǸʲôȷʵǺģֻǷˣûи֪ΪīޣΪīˣΪīСϺܶࡣ
˼īޣҲ룬ͽеӸСȸͷܡ
С£СȸŵøϽȥ
ǡû˹âȻָЦų֣ǡǰΪᴥϤƬȴϣʲôҲû塣

վ죬СȸѾܳСȸʵѷǵ°ɣôī޹ջ񣬼֮ϣ⡰ǸвҾſھȥʳ㡣
پʹУɲʳȴѱǡշȥʹ·һڻСȸҪȴǡβɨԽԽԶСȸ׷ϣֻܴǴǴСӣס
ţֽ㡣

Եɵɵģǿʹ£ѾԽԽѣֻܲԼԽԽߡ
ֱ
𣡣
ڶ𣬷·˷ΰסī޵ϴ
Ѿֲī޵ֻ૵ؽī޵֣ͷȥ

ѹѹһƬ⣬룬ҹǿպƯ
δϳī޵ڽɫӿѹסġ̰ͼ֮ɲߣŵβۣƺԥǷҪӣȴѾһβɨУǵģβðƻ
š˲ʱͱɢе䣬ǰѼģ˿֪Լ

СȸŵþǺڽɫӹñס
СȸһŷԼѾ̱ڵء
źܣīˮסѵڵϡ

ʱ䣬ɽŴָǰǲҹա

īıѣſīޱϣմϤƬֱӣŵʵ

ǰѾ̽Ϥ룬ǲסӣֱӽīǰ
˫ֱī޵룬ڰУСĶڴī޶ӡ
īޣ
кö໰Ҫ˵ģȴ־һҲ˵ˣ
īޡ

ī̾Ϊβúôţ
ίˡ
īһ£½𶹶ȴֲ뱻ī޷Լڿޣѹסʵ챾лҪ㣬Ҳܾڿɲʣ
ʡ
Դһȥħ𡣡
㣿
ǣԴһȥ𣿡

ΣգҹҪɲ
ҲΣգһʲô£Ҿҿ㣬ҺˣҺȴûܰ㣬ңңȻǸͨˡսСȭͷ¸ҵһŬȵģСȸ˵ҲģҲŬҲѧģҺòãҲȡ

˵ߡžžડµ
ī޿ǰ֫С˶³ĵСĴīг֪̾Լǳˡ

òá㲻ҪٶˣĻŬѧϰģҡ
á

㶣ɴ۾˵ʲô

ī̾ͷСɵִͷβһ顣





33  ʮ   ο˸С

ΪЦ, ظЦ
ԼζīҷŹͬʱ, īޱˣס㣬档־߬ס֣ȴīޱ̧ܿͷ, īְͷĶ¶׾С, һµС˶ʧЦ
ο˸Сȥ

¶ЩЦݣǳѵãʣЦʲô
īԴ, ǣ֣Ǳסһźȥ
עɢҲħҲħģ
ī޳Ĭ, ֮ǰ, ΪɽŴĶЩðˮֶ, һҲ֪ǴЩħ, ЩˮҲħأ
־

Щ죬δȥħ磬Ĵ̽
ȻҲвħ͸, ԽԽħ֣֮Щ˵ħﲻԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
˵ħǱ֮˼仹ҪϡħԹ죬ħﲻý֮죬ħϲ໥ɣԽԽࡣ

ִǱ飬ͷһźħԴ󷢣¶Ѫڣŵһɪ
ī޽ס£¡
˵ţī޽ź׶סҲãȥǱ飬ɷƣߣٶҿɲ㣡
īްԺЦ
Сȸĥĥؿ

ī޲ؿһۣСȸϽؿ㡣
㷴Ӧ˻ī޵ֺ֣ЦұСȸģȰҺöΣҲң
īޱ˵²Ϊת룬Դ֮뿪ߣʲôá²Ϊġ
īҲֻһҷŹСȸСȸŵ˿

ٻλī޵ָ֣ѾÿֻΪһ峤úÿÿҪ׼ʲô취԰𣿡
ȻУī޵ͷνˮ֡ħһΪɽŴһϣħֿ
̫ˣ
ѾϾۼҹīޣīϴȥѾļ䣬ĵ޷ĨĴ֣׼

˦ϣɽŴ廹δǰص˼ʹ
Ҫ˼ҺߣҪ븸ĸ˵һ

ʺҹ˯ò̤ʵجΣûã͸ϵĹһ˹ȻڣʹΪ˱ýŲҲȥ㡣
ʱī޴ȻԷڡ
ҲԷڵŵĻʺһ㣬Ȧͺˡ

ĸ󣡡ǰǸرסֱۣĸڵ𣿶Ҳã͵͵ܳȥ
ƽͺãԹԣĸ˸جΡʺҲ˵ֻǱޣܿ죬ȥ˵ı̫ȫˡ
Ƕī޶ǳأī޴Ž齲˱飬īֻ˵ȥɽŴ˵ġºܸпҲܽ˵ٲħַɽŴ壬īл
īЩ̫˼˵Ļ͡

˵Ļǵ˵˶ڣˡ
ī޿ڣмҪñ¡̫ӵͬ⡣
˶Щ죬ΪλĮɾô
ٿ㣬һڴؿλīɾ

īްɤӣ˵ҴߣʱԶ
ۺ̫һŴͣԶʲô˼
Ȼһ᲻ʱ̽ǣʱҲԻī֪ǺʲôҲʵԶָûоͷ񡣡


ˣ㣬Ǿˡ
ۺ̫ī޵ĻҲΪˣǷˣ
ⲻʱ˵Ļ
һɶ˵Ļ
ҪǼҵɵСӣ


īٵһչ˺õģÿնø߸˵ġ
īȫӲͷƤ˵ǵһĳȫ֪˵Ҳֻʵʵ˵
˳Ĭʵǲ֪˵ʲôã
¶Ƕ̫гˣ
ҪȢϱıӣһס
ؼǣ⻹ǸɣһҪְɰ

ɶҲ֪УǾǸĸ粻ģǲߡ
ĸ磡һԹҵģī޵Ļ˵ѽҸһ𣬿԰Ҫҵģϣĸ֪ôɶҲҪģ
ðɣ˼Ĭ
Ǽɵӣָ˼ܵɣ
⻰С˼˵Ƕ̫˼ء

ҲɤӣҪ˵Щʲôʵڲ֪˵ʲô
ʱī޺ȻҾ¡̫ͬ⣬ȷʵҪС¡


ǳ׵ײ˵ˡ

ƫƫͷʾī˵÷ǳԣʺﶼٿȥɵŶ֪֪ʲô

󣬱¡ʺ̫ӻǴӦˡ
ҪǣӦҲû취Щʱܰ˸ߣ˼ҳʮع˵ôһ̫˵λɾɶԶ֪˶ˣ
ݵˣΪǼҵɵ̬ڵôͣǻʲô޵ģ
ӣ㱾ӣ̳дͳ̥˿࣬ĹҲܵδɱ˶ƽֶѡ

Щɶܸ㼫¡
»ǵɾŵؼҡ
ܶԷɣҲԼĵߣ
ī⻰֣ص˵ҾϲĴš

⻰ֱ׵˶Щ˼ֻɵ֣ѽôŵأõѽ

ʺﶼĿԼҵɵˣ
⣬أ
óɵȷҲλɣҪɱҲڻŵʱɰ˴ߡ

ī޴ʱЩֻҲ֪λʲôʱɵϡ

뿪ʰ˺ܶİĶߣȫС
ʱǧݿҪһߡ
ɵҪȥΣյĵط
ūʲôµģɴڣ˭˵ū澣С£ūһͬ߰ɣһūźɱٶūˣ
޵ģҲ᲻ãˡ
ī޿ڣȥɣΣա
ͬ⣬ǧЦտīǾãŮСź㣬֪ϲãϻøһЩ

ۺ̫Ӱݱīޱԭز

㱻ʱǰǶǽɫŨʱȴּκ⣬죬Щ䣬Ϊī޾ߣҲ£ʣħ𣿡
ڡ
Цͷǽȥɣ
ûκ⣬Цѹһеĺڰ硣

īûЦȴ黶ǣ֣߽ƬȫȻİĺڰС





34  ʮ   Ĵס

, ԼһЩ־ֻУֻħǺ, ЦЦǡģ¶ֳ֣ΪһȺħ۾ӵħ, ǳֵòУҵ̵Ĺâ
߽ħ磬ŷȫͬ
Ѿڴ˺ܳһ·, ţûһĹ⡣

㲻Сʣħû𣿡
ϰݷ˵߾ȫǡ
סͣ˵ˡ

īЦ⣺˵, 
³ȻͿʼʣֻкҹΪôڣħڵص˶סÿ춼ʲô

ī޾ʵڹڿɰϸ֦ĩڵ, ʹʶ
⵹Ǹṩ˼·, Ҳ˴ʱŷ, ǵȷһ֪ϾûԸ̤, κħͥıߡ
Щ⣬Ҳܻش𣺡ħ粢ڵ£ͬ˼һ㣬Ҳһ磬һء
Ŷɷµصͷ, ʣħﶼǺɫ𣿡
ֻǻεģҲбģˡҲĢ
Цԭħô˼

ʣǼȻ˼һǸ磬лʵ𣿡
ħ಻̣ܽ˼һй̶䣬ħ磬̫˵ҹڣī޻ûüðĻԺҺŵطܴðƻʵ¡

ٵͷĴЩ˵ʲôģסأ
㿴ī޼ȻҪħ飬ҲҪһӣ϶ҪҸطѽ
īüûסֻסԼС磬ԼҲϲСһԴ
һڴͷҡ

ħ磬αװǧ׼ķҲ˲īǽԼʵأ֮˿Ǳ׼׼ĸͨħ
һСε·վסǰֳˡ
ȻֻˣϾ̫ˣ
ЩСආīޱ֮ȴͣ½ŲŸͣ

Էţ壺Ͻģ·ѶϣǷߣ
⻰˷ܵʣ·ѣǴٵģ
ЩоòԣҲƵغ˾䣬û㣡·ѿɱŽȥ
ҡҡī޵֣˵ٵˣ

ī޼ȤҲûֹԷ
˳ʣҪʲô𣿻ǽӣܿôڣ֪Żһǡ
ͣСɵҲû˭֣ȴֱӱ˳ȥϺɢɥȻԶ
ī˵עЩ
գգۣ֪ŷʲô

Է֪˱Լģ˵Ťܡī޶֣СȸѾȥˣСȸָ׽סһħС椶㣿СȸҲһ٣ڰܽžСȸʵرۣȴҲûɡ
ɫУֳһӵӰֿīǣЦˣһоͺ˵ˣ

ˣ濴Сȸ
˭ˣСȸɿ֣īޣǰ˼ĺ
٣С椶⻰ʵ̫أʲôġ
죡Сȸֱǻ˲٣ո˵󣬡

СȸǺקī޸ǰǸʶʱߣɶ˵ɶ
ԭħ񵽴ǳڣﶼȥȥĶȥĶ
īߵڣģǻͥĳλɾŪģڷû˴ߣؾͳ˻ĵأֵܼŪЩСŪһƬڰܲƭһЩħĴɶīǾ͸ˡ

ʵԣʵħ粻һƬڰ
һۣ֪Ư겻ǣֵ˵˸СɵӾͲ㱻ŪЦأҪһƬڰ̸󶼿Է

Цһ룬ûЦЦסΡ
Ӻܶ㷴Цˣ˵Ȥѽ
ٺ١

ҲΪ䡰ȤΪǵ򵼣ߣ߱߸ǽܡ
ᣬȥ²֪ӡУʱħѱΪĿԡΪΪиħҸˮݡħ磬ʵȭͷ˵ֻҪȭͷӲǾ˵㣬ÿһλħǲħѪȥġ

˵кü·˼䣬ʣסѽ
Цסˮ
Ǹõط
ЦûҲû־ģҲֻסڳˮƫƧµطˣ

ʣ羰òѽ
࣬ˮ࣬ɽ࣬羰
һɽˮٻī޵֣Ǿסˮòã

ī޼Ǻı鲻ԣ֪ƲǸõطȻϲǾȥͷӦ£ͷЦ
񱾻ȰȰī޿һۣãҲȰˣȥɣ
ңĿǰҲֻסˮ

ˮؽ÷ʱܵ
ɵ಻ɽĶֻ࣬Ȼ඼ǰɫ˵Ӧúѿǣɫľߵǰϸȴ־ĻУɫʵġ
ˮɫƵò̫ϸϾĹʵ̫Ҳ峺
ϸѡ˿ˮĿյأԱ߻һŸЦīޣǾǷӰɣֻﻹڸСǧȥһһīҪʲô

ī޵Цŵͷ˵꣬ȥ㿳˺ܶ
֪ЩǺηҲ֪С椶ôЩӲҲħ²ԭȶ֮ˣħ˴ͷɲ֮ˡ
ԼкùӳԣѾ˳λ͵ذſ˻

СеĢӵֻǴһ룬ī޾ָһĢӡ
ľͷҪһСȸУһȺȸһ𣬹ħеı߸˵æµš

Ҳȥæī޽лֱӾʣϻȥ˼䣬˭⣿
Ҳֻ֪Ƕ˵˼ҪܶˣУҲȥģ²֪Щ꣬ʮ꣬ħԽԽˡ˵ǼλħҲòͻƣ
ħȻ⣬˵ͻƣʵħɱ˵Ǽˡ

īʣˮħ˭
ˮûȷеħҲīʣѵˮƫƧɶûУļУоûɶ£ӵġ
ԼĶλҲ׼

ˮ˭˵㣿
ǸɽħָԶɽ
ī޻ɽ

īޣǰľĶʰòڿʲô
ī޽Ⱦϵİɫָɽʣϲ𣿡
㿴˿ͷϲ̫Զһϲ
ī޵Цǿ԰ɽƹ

һüһ⻰˵۾ҲŵɵùԲ

㡰Цīɽ𣿡
òã
㻹ҡͷ˼ɽö˶˵סΪʲôһҪ˼ƹҲļѽ
īԴû˵ɽĻЩľȥ

˿λҲܸɽħѽ
ɽħǳˮϣҲϣЩ˲ڴ˴ӣҲΪˣˮûħԸɽħΪ
ˮƽˣħһ顰Եĵطɱɱ˭ҲԸ龻ҲʧЩλܻȥ

ļ죬ī޹Ȼûȥɽ⣬ר־ظӣκ˰æ͸Сβһת
īɣܿ죬յϾͶ˸Ģ״Сľ˻ˣȥô塣īȴǸĢִ˺üСĢСһߵʹ£·ĢȺ¶ֿɰ
˷ܵüֱ֪˵ʲôãī޻СвĻȡ֭ҺЩĢȾɫ

īҪʲôɫԥҪɫҪ۾һɫƯ
īޱڵǻ֭ӣԲһ٣ʱޱᡣ
˳ǣ¶ǳǳЦݣݶĻÿĢͿɺɫ󹦸ɺī¿ֱҲȥݶ
īȥһĢϡ

Цеر߿ߵĢһ󣬲ηͿɫĺˣֻϧﻹ̫˼ǵС͸ÿˣ
˵ǡī޵Цššŵ˯ʱȥСǸǵһĢӸǺãٸյơ
ֻŽѾӣ˵кö౴ǡСݾͺǧݽ壬ҲԸѧú£ǲǾںأЦţͷīޣ᲻㻹ں׵ļѽ

ǸӶ֪ʱʱ̿īԻЩ
˵Ϊ뵽ѹˡ
īǱŲŲСȻǺܻ㲻ҪѽԺҶģ㿴ҲôƯ¼ˣ
īӲĻǸоİȴԡ

ȴڿֹԺҲ˺һŬģ
ī޿ЦǾúЦǸ֪Ĺ밮⣬ӿȫ˵Ц
ֹģ˵ŸɰĻ

ʲôͣ˵ôɰĻ

ī޲Ļ˶٣ɻôʲô㡪

ɴ۾ԽԽģī޵Ư˫У
ī̽Ĵס





35  ʮ   ī޵ıӰֿʼ

, ȻīҲǳ˵촽
İȴ, ǳֹ̲סס
ֱīԸоĺˣСƵͨ죬۾ɵԲ, īЦָǵˮղȥ, ˫յġͨͨڷ̡

߰ɣȥ, ҰΧȦդֲֻˡī˵žҪȥ
һ£ֹ
ţīת

ø죬Ȼֱī, , īΪʲô, Ϊʲô׹֮Ļô졣
ô, û׹ѽ
ǣī޵ĪͲ˼ˡ

ī֪ʲô֪Ҳʱ
û, 붺Сһ֪ȫЩ㳣šϲǰЩ첻֪ôᵽܶ˵ԺҪܶףûī޸ˡ
С˶Ѿ޸ˣ

ΪһҪܶףҲ˵Ȼֻ˵ҶҪ׵ģĸ˵ܶãܶףͺܶס
ȥƵī޷ѹͲ֪Ϊϲ

㿴ϲͽϲϲèҲϲ
֪ϲīޣϲèϲǲһġ

ī֪
֮ī޴ǰǵӴȫˣ֪ϲҲΪˣʱŻ㣬С˶ɵģȴѡеİ£еضС

СһϲϲĲͬȻҪЩʱī޲ǿҪ֪̾ԸҲ
ī޲óеɻ󣬻ⲻ˵ݶȥͰȦȥˡ
סվԭؿī޵ıӰ

ǧݹС¡
ûţС£ڷ
С£
͵ػ񣬿ǧݣôˣ
ŻūˣǧݻΪСʲôаŶأָأūСȸϸ˿ôãСȸ˵Ҳǰɫƺֻء
Ǵ£ϽܵСȸߡ

Сȸ˫ֲУС£ģʲôҲֲˡ
ǿô찡һصشӹ˺ö໨˵
īôˣ
ǧ˶㣬īްЦǧݲؿһۣСȸûзԼķ˵˱飬ī⻰Ǿħ䣬ǰħûҲģûж˵ʲôֻתСУͷ˳ٵ̵СԺָҪֲֻ˵ĵط

¾ֲֻˣҲ˷ӣСĵ˼ӣˮҲģҲãСȸСˮվˮʱڷīʱ˫ۺƯŶ
ɫֻƯɫҲƯʯ
ôһ룬ǵԼһкƯıʯ̫ӸʱԭʯԼʯͷģλպôˣкƯĺʯҪָī
ī޴һƯģ
ʯƯҲûī޵۾Ư

ţͿʼɵЦˮˣзɵЦ
С£ǧòǰ˻ӡ

û£վֱ
ǡīǧݸϽɾС²֪ôˣƣôĹڷ
ôһ˵ǲīޣܣȥΧôˣ
ǧݸīޣСûаɡ
īҡͷЦû£ıǡ
ǧȴЩġ

һˮɹɵҶݲ裬ȥ͸㡣
˵ǿʣʵǻضˣӹյҲȣʷ
ǧЩǣʵС£ôȣĲأūصشģϲ裿ū澱ƽȹߵĲ裬Сȸ˵裬Ҳϲ

ǣҺϲ񣬸Ͻ˼ڲ裬顭
ʲôܷյ£ͬū˵˵
ͷʵСкܶෳնǸλŮ˵ģϴβҲǧݽ㿪Ŀʣ
ǣʶؾãεһζһ
ܰī߱ˣ
ſڣָϽսͣǧݷΪǡ

ǧݻʡ

Ӵʲôô㡣
һ̧ͬͷȥıУ֪ʲôʱվ˸ͷ׵ͷͷһģһǱϾǽħñȽϿţƼһλѰߣЩ졣
ͷȻ죬֣ЦСɾȵʲô
ͷ˳ӣٸп㰡

ǲ衭Ҫһ𣿡̽ſڡ
ͷδ˵ī޾ѳߣһס㣬ͷòȴ䵭£
ͷīһۣЦ˵ҾסǸڣСɾĲ㣬òУ`ʣ
ȥЩҶ
ǡǧݸϽȥһֽҶݸͷ

ͷ˲ҶҲֻ󳣴ţ󳣴ţ
˵꣬תӰʱû˺С

˲ϲ˼ˣͷīޣ˵ھӣԭħҲھӣҳôûھأھӾܴţ͡
˵𣬿īеԼһ뵽ݶī¡
ȻֹܣҴһ䣺ȥ÷䣡
ǧǸҲǸˡ

ī޺ЦؿɿߵӰֱܽвת򷽲ͷվŵĵطƬ̧̣뿪ȥڳ

ĢīסǧݡСȸҪĺסСĢպùס
ʱǧúȫĿⷿŴƵİβ
ϲʱҪīһߡ

ʱ򿴵ŵİβʼˡ
ǧһոµĴɫ̣̣Цģ̫ʺɾһͬˣ
ǧݵû˼Ͼī˵Ҫʱֻеۺ̫ڳ
ǾãɾСǻӣҲӵһסıʵ̫ʺ

ǧݸɻۿҪ̺ˣϽȥȵȣ
ţǧݲ쿴
ѵҪǻһɡ
ΪΣÿѽС£¾ֵǰЩõأ
ΪʲôҲ˵ȻǿôһıӣԼҲҪˣ

Լ˵ԵɣǧݻǰѴ̺ˣתְڰ衣
ϰںϲʼܡˮة֮࣬Ϸӭë̺Ҳϲĵ̺ſϹ˱ʯϰںƯĲߣ۽ܺУȵȡ
ǲ˵˭ҲʵħĢʵǺ㹬еԷһģһ
ʰò࣬ǧֹšˣټƿȥ˼ëӿʼ

⼸죬ʱסī޵С
ī˺֮󣬼㻹عɰ࣬ȴҲײٿ񱩣ǴۿָܻǰĻУôĹ򣬾ǧݶջˣҲȥ
ϰˣǿ϶ҪԵģ²ҲǨǧݾС㡢ĢܳԵʳĺúһһףףǧݿǸóյġ

곾һѺڣɫȴƯ¹Ƿǳĺ죬¹£Ժīޱںõĳߣ֪æʲôǧֵСɾѳںɫӳˮϣƯ
㷭ϣŲߣûмſֻī޵ıӰ
ɾʲôǧݲ졣
㽫°Ͱڴ̨ϣī޵ıӰֿʼ

īȴǲߣɵƬ̲Ŵ󾪵žણϴϽԺá
С£ôˣǧݲ⡣
ץֱߵë̺ס£˯ˣ
С£Żûء
ٳǨ磡˯ˣ
Ӧȥ˯

˺ˣ˵ˣ˯ˣȥɣ

ǧҲҶ˵ŵȳȥߵī󣬸Ҫ㱨С˯˵£ƼīæŵĶү
īſ̵ڵʵСأ
ǧݻع񣺡СѾ˯ˡ
ī޳˳ǣͷ˴Լаʱᴵ˴ľмȫȥǧݰݷɾʵ̫˲ˣĽ˶ģҲ˱ȣ

ī޲ЦЦƾץһŻñסһʮŻСطеСȸ񶼱׷ʲôǶû
īжֱĢȥ
Сȸסǧʣǵʲôһ֪ǲǣǲ˼Ķ
ѽǵơ
ǵȻ֪ǵƣҲĵ𣿡
վԺߴߴ

˵˯ʵ˯ţë̺ǰһī͵ӣһī޵Ư۾һԼ˼ģī޽ʱΪԼüȶˣŭص˫ȡ
˯ţ
ī޵ȻڰУǷˡ
ī޵Ц£׽ס˫ţȰ

һҶ
Ȼ˯ţʲô
СԴë̺ﶯ˶۾գʱë̺Ҳ΢ī޽Ҫȥƿë̺ʱ̽һ˫۾Ƽīеĵƣۡ





36  ʮ   ٶĴꡣ

յתص, ҲƣȴҲȫ˵ơ
ƻת٣ȴֽŵ, ǰյȴľοգ̵ӣʮ̬ʮ, תʱƼ䷭ڡ
Ҳۼˣ, ôתţֱɣ
ī޽Ʒŵмİϣָǽڣ㿴

ȥ, ڣǽڣ衣
㲻̾úÿ, ĺúÿ, ҹʱ, Ƽ䣬𣿡
պȥ
İ㾪ϲͷ
ī޵ͷȻ, ˣɴȥУٸһյں˼䷭ڵĵƣϱ뺣ǡ

ģ뵽⣬Ҿ, Ҵδĵƣ
ī޵ЦֱòУǳݣóݵ۾īޣ̫̫ˣôʲôѽ
ϲ𣿡
̫ϲֽƱڻҪڴߣ˯ʱҲܿ
á

ֻһɣ̵ϸ£붼ɼ̫ˣҪµģҪˣֻһյҾ͹ˣ
īüҲûж˵һҪġ
һ̾һСȥϵǣ£ǽǶĳһģһ

īЩ˼Ͼǵ⣬ǰα֮Ǳúܡ˵ģ׳̫Įѹ
ôһڣī޲붺Ūʣ˵˯ֲˣ
ôһ˵ǰԼڸʲôīֻصУŵСңˡ˵͵͵̧͵īޣīҲڿһţƶ˷£Ҫ¡

īްЦֹס۾˵ħʱ˼࣬δϢʱ򣬵׽ͷһסĹŮҪһǨ磬Թ˯

ٽţī޵ͰǰôÿҲֻɵصͷ

ī޳˵ģʱǹǷᱻϲǷˣСһϲúܡĺصīޣصֶЦЦȻСһ͸ˡ
īЦ
ͨع񣬱齣Ьܣܵһֻī޲⣺ô
ҵģ˿㽫Ʒŵϣŷĵˡ

īЦҡͷյƣߵǰƸҵʵĹҹϡ
Ǻӱ㶼С
ī޵ͷϲĴɫ˫ֱƬ̣⡣

īٳȥʱΧʵƵ£ҫһȴҪٿʱǳظܾˣʹһͨ㷴⡣
īһͨЦ㷢ҲˣǧȥǨ硣

ǧʱīҲûţʼƯʯͷΪᵽôһʯͷ·ϲСȸ˸ڷͷֲֻˣҪĺҪߣȥ˸á

վǧߣ˵ǰæʵʾǲҸī޿̫أѾԴֻʣ
ʣǧݽ㣬ǲһкƯıʯ
ǰ
ҸҺòã
ū澼ǵûɾǸСأͷū澾ȡСҪʲô
֧᲻᣿̽Һòã
ǧЦū澻ĻᣡҪľֻū澶ģ빤ߣ˵ˣū澸
ҪģҾͺã
ǧ룬ЦʣС²ԼҪ͸ɾɣ

㲻˼ٺ١
ǧЦС¸ɾá

ǧպãܿ죬ƮСԺ
ǧˣλûԹ˼ʳīҲҪϣζȷ㡣
ǧժΧȹֱۣС£ȥɾŰɣ㲻ɾһ춼æŸСء

˲ϲ˼ȥīԷƯʯͷ·һϲī·ϲ
㶼֪˵ʲôˣɵĸ˵иԭȲţˡ
ţ
ҾȻ㣡
ĵĿ޲õֺãīЦСԴʲô
ٲ˼Ҳǲ֪ôĺӡ

ǿѹǰɬīȥԷߵߣָӵĲ˿ʼܡ
ǧݽ˵ֻ㣬Գȫ硣װ׵ģǧݽĵɺ㿴ÿƬƬصÿڸõ㣬ҸոгĿɺóˣҲƵģһ㻨ҶеأԺҪǵպ˽ٳԡ
㣡ȽըŶֺۣƯ˺ܶʶ㣬Ա㱾ζ۵أˣСɣǧݽ˵ԺƺȣֻҲܺȾƣһȾҪʱǴ
ͷīޣЦУǧݽҲ˵ƣվͿԺȾƳС

īֺ༸ԴָһðĴʲô
ӣǿԺȵƬ˳ԣʵҲǴˡ
պȥ˼ԡ
ţ

㽫в˽꣬СȸĿˮѾл
ˣԳˣСһӣȥ㶼ɱǧݵգûóԵù¿ӣ֪˼Ķôóԣϴȥʱ͸ôҹʲôΪ
Сȸſӷ⣬м

㱻ǶֱЦֽīҲϽ£ԿԣٲԾֲ
˵ţָīʢ㡣ݸīޡ
īԳͷγԶϻرӲе⣬ʳû󣬸ûȤǽӹеͷȾôڴʡ
Ϊζ
䲻Լģǣʢ
˵Цۣīִ꣬ĳ˷Ե٣Ǹвˡ

ˡħɣļֵۣسǨ硣
Եˣѵ˯ʱͷһһģҲʱ򣬡ʲôô㣿Ժ⴫ѯ㾫һǵǸλүү

ھˣȥ
īޣī޵ͷȥšħ磬ǽԸˣû˵ΪߵˣԷǽġ
Ű׷ͷѾˣҲǿ񣬺òشкүүá
ƽĵһλھѽ

úúãʲôǣͷ˵顣
ڳȫ硣
ͷӣ̫ˣ
㲻˼ģֻǿˡʣʣˡ
Ӵûû£ʣͷ˵ţӻͳһʯͷݸ㣬ǰĲǮ

ؿʯͷǮ
͵̫ˣͷܰ׳԰׺ȣ
㲻Ҫ˼ҵǮȴΪ棬ֺҪͷǰһīסЦͷӺô
īִֻȡһʯͷŵУȥ˯ɡ
ŶȷʵˣҲûǿֶͷЦЦǧݵ½˯

ī޺ͷͷȻαװΣҲûĿ֮ˡ
ƫͷװɵȥˣҲ˵Ҫߣϲ㣬Сȸ˵˾䣺Ҫ˼ҳ
ʼˣҲʣˣôģ٩ǲСڰɣ

ǧֳ֪Ѿ˯£īûж˵תҲȥ
˲䣬ߴҹһ˵
ͷīûͣ٣ûдӦҲûоֱܾĢȥ

ѾҪ˯ˣǺܲ˼˯Ŵ
ԺʱȻֻסһɰۣī޽ϱΪβȥ˯
ҡҡī޵ĻУܵīϵıøΪ̡
ī޽СķУ㵽׻˯ϲĴϡ
ȻҪ̫࣬ǧ˺üأ÷·ƶˣ³ʱЩӲҲԾطӣīӸͷβظϣֻһ˫۾档

յתصƵĹսУīʱīޱҲУȫīϣ㿴Щ
īñӣģ־ıӣʣʲô
롭ΪʲôҪѽԵɵɵأ˵ڡ

˵ڣɵˣȻʳˣ

īڴ£Сû׹㣿
еѽĸҲңһĸ󶥶ҵͷһҡԣĸèҲ׹ҵģֻ׹ҵҲһҲ֪˵
īЦûлش⣬ʣϲ㣿
ʵҶǵֻǵʱĽ飬Ǳĸо

ī޿ڴ챻СһԼӰ£ϵǣǡһţպüġ
ī̽ӣüĵ˸ǡ
ѵˮһ㣬ȴأԼ

׹΢΢̧ͷɵô˫ۣЦκúüס

˵գٶĴꡣ





37  ʮ   ౡ˿ڡ

һ쵱Ȼֻ˵˵ѡ
ʵǺܽ, һΣī˵ġúüס
סī촽Ĵ¶ȣƺԼҲѽī޵촽ҲŶ, Ǳī׹ĵطȻ֪㾡ɱ׵Ժģȴ̽ͷѸٵī޵촽

֪Ϊ׹֮ͻ̡

ī޶סɿ, 㡣
ɵúúõģľԵһۿʶڱ۾ʹգ
īЦ, ƽʣΪҪ|ͷ
Ϣȫϣǰֿʼ, ԴͻǳʵģңҺ, Ҳһġ

ī޸ΪЦ, ī޵ס, ૵Ҳ
㻹ûü˵㱻ס

ٴҪʧȥʱ, ī޷ŹֲǵˮգһΣϲϲ
ٴγʵϲġ
īЦ˵ʱ֪ʣΪʲôǰû׹ң
Ϊϲ㡣
ǣܶϲҵѽ
Сӵǽ

īЦ, ˵ϲϲǲͬġ
Ŭ룬СҲǺס
ī˿СǼ⣺ͻ׵ġ
Ŷ

˯ɡīҪָϽʣҲ׹𣿡
īûС뵽Сһܻɵ£īǿֻ׹㣬Ҳֻҡ

סûУ
Ҽס
īپıӣ˯ɡ
㻹лţȴʵ̫ˣī޵һĹ˯ȥ룬īǸԵô£Ҳͬһ
˭īأȻҪī޵Ļ

ī֪뷨Ҫඣ
Һ֪

ҹǧݺҲȥԼ˯£СȸҲݣ˯
īޣ˯ߵЩҲϰͬߣǴ㱧Сһһͬ˯ģ뵽ǸͷԺС

Ҳûţǰʯͷ·ȫ̺ãԺֲֻطҲʻǴʯͷָˮǵطǵԺҲܴ
ط紦ī޻˸Сͤʯʯʳ۵ʱЪϢ
Ҳǵǧûϡ
ǧħеİɫڷïҶ˺üյƣصȸģֹס÷ȸǳôյƣ̧ͷȸͷϸӰ䵱Щȸɡ

ôҲæСһֶѣīվͥɫ¹£ոµԺӣ˼ﻹҪٸŪʲôЩǴǰںԼ޹ī޶δð
ħʱԴΪܣһУħ֮ֻҪСһһƺΣӶǡȤ֡

ҹʱٱ졣
īûжԺֱӴ򿪣ҲԳȻͷˡ
ħˡͬΨһ໥ɵָ֣꣬Էȫʧ֡ͷôֱīޣȻΣڲˣźܴĳ⡣
ǿīޣͲνĳ⡣

ͣԭأͷ
ͷߵǰһǰЦǺǵͷģĿͷףм˿ɷ֮Ҳϻ͵λħֵ֮ʱܲħȫ飬ȫˣ
īüûκηӦ

ͷû˿Ŀţ㣬Ҿǳˮɽˮָʱұ㷢㡣Ҳ֪˭Ϊһ㣬ôڴ˴ǧֵ꣬ôǰħΣسˮ˵ı¶ٻеġ
㿴ͨʵʵ⼸һֱڹ۲죬һ˾ʲôҲûŲæģҲ֪ħΪ£ֻǼ֮ϣҲ⣡
ͷȾħɣ

īɲͷٵǿ㣬飬ѵͲ뵱ħͳħ

ͷƬ̣ûī޵ĻЩйħŶ޷򶯴ˡ
ī޴ʱƿڣħ⣬˵ĻҵмȤϸ˵˵

ͷһҿóǳħ磬´ǰҲħԵɺħˣ⼸ոǵĺڳˮĳɽأ̫ˣͲ֪ǰħǺӡ
ʱħҲɽˮ㣬ֻħ壬ħԲ֮ʱԲŻħطͥɵٳһأ߽ǸҲǵɵֱʡ
һŵ⼸ǧ꣬ۼħûɣٿħħɱʧȥǣħгŵֻдɱɱǵѪҺħһн
ʱһãħ粻̣ħ֮⣬Ҳ룬Ҳжţ֪ħɸӣħȥҴңﶼȥáͥδֲԾôȥҪ֣ͥ
Ѿ˲ħ飬ҿͥҪֱħ죡

Ҫī˵ͷĻģò֣ͥٽ㣬췣ֱӽ

īʣᵽǰħָˮħǣ
ʱħûбΪĿ飬ħҲ޹أԵ޹ʵɱɡ
ħ±ѣǰʳԪʱһΪ̵ңԴ˱㻯ɽڴˡ
ͷ˵Ŵӻóɫʯͷ۹ǿģƯʯͷ

ͷȴݸīޣֵħǼħ֮ԪһΪģֱΪħɽˮ뱡
ī޻治֪ô˵
ʱħѾڣħʵӦҲǳֻ֣֮硣

ֻҪöǺ϶Ϊһħ磬ħҲָܻǰɽˮ㣬ħҲѣǱٲ캦֮¡
īδǿɫʯͷ
ͷ߱ӵħ֮飬µħħ

ī޵ͷĻʵûͷЩҲŪħĲԡ
ͷ˵ôһͨǰ˲ٵɻī޶ħûʲôУʲħ
ҿħաͬ˵˵¡

ֱΪƿ꿤붫ħŮӣΪأֿᣬɱǲգۣöԪħЩƿ꿤ħضЩ˵ĹϵûԴס

һ˵˵ͷָָڣұסڣҪѰңһǡ
ī޵ͷͷٴóǿʯͷħⶫţ˭ģԼΪǧꡣ
˵ˣīûоܾ

ͷߺĵʯͷĵ²

컹δīָ˸سǧ˵˼ʱԼأһݡûûǰã
صĳرص׵ǣϲЩڳرڵ˱ǡǡݡ

Ϣɵڹ̶ʱڴϹ˹ҲûףǴôôأīȥأ
ţӱƿ
ڴػȥīޣǧݣſ˻ȥ
ǧ㶣ǿôСпʧأ

ʣأ
˵īޣǧдЦ˵С£ɾһҹû˯ɸŪ˲ȤĶ
𣿣Ц
ɲǣӴԺӿ˲ٱ仯ˣɾŪ˸ڹĻҪأҪȥȵѽӣ
Ѿ´ŽžͿʼܣǧȥ׷

ĢʵǺܴģҲΪãԷڶر
˳ˮܽ䣬ӭյתصƣۡͣԭأתӵؿǽ뺣ˡǣī޵׻ָһյơ
ǧܽпū澷ѾټǲҪ̾ʵǺÿС£ɾ̫ˡ

ЦǵȻˣ˵Ҳܺõģ
ǧЦȰˮˮ¡
ã£󷽷||߽ССʲôǧݶ˵ܶ๬Ů̫඼ⷽ棬ûж߳ġ
ԡ£źȻ¡

վýżˮЦŻͷǧݣ¶ȸոպã
Сͺúѽ
㻺£̾˿Ϳʼųرڣʱϲ˵ʲô˵øˣ죬ɾǧݻȥī޽˸

˵īޣǸ˵ֱӴˮͷֱī֣һѽ
СǱ¶һš
ī޵ĽŲԭأ˫΢С
е¶ƺȻͽ
ǧݱֱֱۣݶöЩ¡

ƫ㻹Цеģʵīһˣʺô仯¶Ȼκβī޲̧žʹгߵīǰ־ߣһѽ
īߵرߣɿ֣У㣬СĵؽٶȷŽУݼɣҴǰǳµסں׵ġ
ŶɵЦǲˣ
īЦ

¶ֱ˻ȥȴ֪ΪΣǧݻǾֱ۵ļƤ
˵СԡӦ̵ģųرߵˣǧܾԼƺܶࣿ룬ɾܣڲƺһģǾ˳ȥ

īɫѹûʶſڳرߣͷīޣһҹû˯Ϊ˸ЩԺҲҪˣҪԼ
ī˵ˮУȴǷžɫ
īޱǽϰʵ㳤ͦߣ˼Ҳĳ࣬ƫݣѲŷ֣ĵطһû٣ǹǼСŹͷ

߸˵˵Żī޵ָָ⻹ĴУ
ī޿¶ˮԲС򣬴ӻͳǿӴõʯ
ʲôƯ
īֱӸڲϣƵʱָ㣬кá

ͷʯʯͷģƯϲ
īʧЦȻֻۣ֪ôСͳ졢ˮ
īϲţֻǱ֪
֪Ҳ˿ҵģҲŲ˿أ˵ţ뵽ôãôƯĶתصƣȴûʲôܹ͸Ҫüء
ô죿

룬Ȼ¾ʯͷ˫ֳסرߣӣͷīǡౡ˿ڡ





38  ʮ   ǽ컹ϲϲˣ

㡰ౡر, ౡſȥīɵ֡

ʵЩϣҲϸ˵Ƕôܳ, īҲȷ˾Цݲ߳ī޶ӣΪκö˶˵ң
𲱾´ϵӣֵΪϲ
˶ѣ
㽫ֱ, Ц̵ģΪϲ㣡

СһЦñۻҪīȥ
ī֪Ϲ£Ͳ֪ϲǺ, ˣҲǸˡ
īԴţҳȥٸЩƷԺ
˵꣬īޱ, ֿס֣Ĳһݰ
š
һֱѹڳرϣǡѹŵ̵һ, ͺī޵, þûмˣ

뵽ʲô, ȻҪ˵¾ʣ, ܰĽǽǱ𣿡

˻֣Һܾûˣë޵ģ
ī޼ֱ޻˵ⲻϹôǴǰͲϹ, ͸ϹĳСһҪſ޵ġ
ֵıǼ⣬ɣú衣
˵꣬ī޾ͼѿ֣תˡ

īȻȥıӰֹСˣ

ǸǳˣݵһʱͰ¶ˡԺӵؽšīˣʡǮ£ԴºǺ档
˼ĴʥܻǶ˵ĵλߣ֮ǰĳ˵λ̩񰲣ҲкܴϵǮ֣࣬͢ͷǮˣɲ͹øã
ڹʱûлǮ׬ǮĻᣬҲü˵Ĵǣһֱءħ羹ȻҲлңȻҪúʣ˵Ҳħ緢أ

ҵīޣԼĴīޡ
ī֪ͼ棬ȻͰѺʡ
񺩵ħǮͷóʯͷ˵ʯͷʵҲǣֻǿ񣬵ҲѵãǴڵġͦ£ҴڣһǸֵܼţԲŲ𡣡

˫һģǺð죬ȥھǣ
תȥ£񼱵Һλû˵أѾˣֻøīޣħ磬ˮ֮ȫǮûáڳˮҶС£Ը㣬Ǯûðͷʹˣ֪ǮѾʱˣ

ī޲޷
棬Сһ˾ͺá

īǰȥһڵأͷЩ󲻾ǾôλСµǳԱ˳ŵû¶ɣ

ʯͷûڶãȷһֵ¡
µһСأħİɫȴҲСǳɫǺ££ٳһݹҶ
īʯͷߵߡ
ָŵ棬̧ͷ㿴ΪԵĵطͬ
ī߶£ϸ˿Ȼˡ

һָݹҶ
ǧݼҲƼĵҶΪԼʲô£ū澲ԣ⼸Ҷ裬ū澾ͶˣǰڹʱҶĻҲв㣬ū˼䲻ͬ´βˡ
ǧ̷ʡīҡͷúܺá
ǧơ

īҲǴʱŷ֣Ⱦãûԭħ
˵գ۾濴Цô
ǲǷʲô˵飿
뵱ˣ
ǰ
ҽӡ
ʲôӣ

īָĵҶ
Ҷٸ˿ҲϲȲܳɴˣûеȵī޵ĻشѾЦ˵ʲôʲô˵ÿ϶ǶԵģ
ī޲Ц˵һ֣ܲ

ȻҪҶĿǰǴ洢Ȼļ죬ǧСȸİ£æɹҶһֱĽЩ̯̯ܰˣС岻ãҲûٱ˴ɱĸҲûȥ֡
ΨһһγΣҲǻҹأÿλʮҪųһš
γţīޣҲŻῴô಻ͬķ羰ȫһ
ѾãҶ׼֮Ǿ͵̯պãһֱæװԼСԺӣûճȥأҲҪѽ

Ըæûϲһæһ棬ǳˡ
ˣīҲ͸ˡ

ʱ򣬰׷ͷٴһī޾͵ϻλСӸĲҶʲô裿īһ򶨣ЦҲѾˣϴβ˽ڽӽǰˣûȥЩҶûûгԲϰߣз֣ҶŵСطɫб仯
ī޵ͷͬЧ
ͷϲħ簡ʣ˲赽ʲôֵģħöԪѼҲȾȾħǰ

ī޲δͷ⵽ʲôһĿǰħͷײ׽֮ˣûбҪԾߣҲǹһСһ

ͷǰָī޼£ϻ˵ƿÿʮ궼ỻһλµħƿħʱλٶ꣬ٶδ˴
굹ǳָѾɱĿǰж֣һºսʱ
ħѵõʢ£ǰȥۿħûйأ˭ܴκһˣʱȥս

ī֪ͷʲô˼ҪҲȥô
ûж˵ʲô֮ȥģϾħΪ˲Եɣħ£Ҳְ֮ڡ

ϣ˯ǰָͷһѾɹ˶ٲҶʲôʱȥ̯
īԱߣдʡ
ǵģ֮Ѿһ˯ŴⴲɫƵıˣ

īʣ벻ȥĿ
ָϲʣȥȥĸ
ƿ
ͺܺһǸƯĵطǲкܶƣԲŽ֣
īʧЦ͵ƿһҲƯնħɱѪɺӡ

ӡ
ˣī޲
㲱𣺡ҲŲ£ôߣʲôµģ
ī޽ԴԼļϣ߶ƿǲԶѽҪ׬Ǯȥ·ϾͲûǮˣ

ԶҲ˲Ĺܵ
īȴ˳ĻǳԶŵ̲ɾҪȫˡ
ͿҵİɣȻһҵθУţ֤һ׬·ѣ
С˵Ż㽥ˣī޵ףҪ˯

ҲС½ɵϰߣÿ˯ǰҪһīޡ
ΪʲôС˵Ȼ󡰺ߡ°һ̧ûԭҾϲ
ðɣī޻˵˭Ҳϲϲء

ī§ŻشϣǺñӣͷҲΡ
쳯ЦЦûһ׹С

գĿ꣬Сȸǧݸǻĸɾ
ںī޵£ǰļֵȥƿսȥˡ

պڼҸĵطС̯ʼҶ
˵С̯ʵҲεģҲīָΡصĶī޴Ӳ÷
ζʺĸ߶ȣī޻˳ᦳ顰ԼǲҶĸ֡
ȻˣīޱȡЩţΪãҪѡԼǡŸ

ֻϧһ̯ҶҲʽ
ʵǳˮ˵С¹ˣϲī޵ζôһšʯͷڲţѹҾǲ֪ЩʲôҲҿѽ
С¾ɥϻصҲԣſϲ˵
ī޽ߣĶôǣ

ſ̧ۿûһҵĲҶһҲûšǲǵ˴ˣû׬̲ˡ
īЦȻǳЦʵӾɥֿͰ͵Ҳޱȿɰ
࿴СһۿСҪ𶹶ˣī޻ǰ¡˼˵ᣬǵһ죬ǻڹ
𣿡
ģһ򡣡

գīްҪղҶڼſڣīޱûͬΪ˽Щī޻²רԼζû˸ҿӦõġ
գͬСһһȥҶȥЩԻ
ƾСһﳤƯɰƶŮħ
ī뵽Щʹ졣

˸գȻٵС£Ҳ˿ʼҶ̯
ˮֵطҶܵ͵һйȴΪߵǸǵķӣһȺɫĢ㹻ҿˣʵѾܾã
ߵ̯ǰī޸һվԣŮħһۣʱɫͨ졣

㿴ˣ˷ܵòδæŻش˵ѯʣǽЩҶʲôõģٸôݲȣȵȡ
ҲǺܽģҪҲܸߣҪܹóĲҶĿǰֻʮݡҶֽҲĻƣһʮݲҶͶùġ
ֹ㣬ǧСȸҲ˲ѡ

Щ˲Ҷ˺ȹ֮Ҳ˵Ȼֻˬ֪ǺöƾǮȥȥ͵ȻȻؾͿʼ˻ͷͣͷͻˡ
죬׼ĲҶͲˡ

㲻òͣһ죬ڼ׼ҶȴпɬɰŮħǵһԽã
ǧ˵ǣлŵİװֽܵſڣЦӯӯǹʲô¡
ʲôʱҶҶġ
ܻشģ㶼شˡ
վſڲߣͳǧʾ⣬ǧȥĹ͢ģݸǣܺóԵģȥѽ

лϰ塣ǽӵУǲߣҲͣԺ
Ƶǻʲô𣿾Һˣ
ģһߴ𿪿ڣǣλɾڼ𡭡
Щ¡
λɾ֪а¡֪λɾϲʲôģ

㽫۾ɵԲġ
һ˸ŵңǽò޸һˣҲáϰǽת桭ϰٿ̯ʱ
˵꣬תܡ

վԭ˺þãС£ǧݽ
عǧݣʲô˼
ǧ͵ЦŮӣɾúãİɣ˵Ҫ޸ɾء


һ⻹ˣҪĴ
ԺܣҵڰɹҶīޣīЦû˵һ䣬ߵǰ첻ҳȥڼɹҶ
ξֵīĿɿڴ֪Ϊιˡ

ƫˡ

ҹ㻹Ĺĵڴϣۿ˯ʱҲһ
ī޿ڣ첻ϲˣ
ʾԼˡ

ߡ㻹ء
ףֻīȥˡ
īƳŴѹȥӰӸȫʣôˣ˭С²ˣ

죬һۣ֪ʵҲִܹģֲǴŮģŮĳ롣ǣһʱˣҲأ
ңôÿǲǻи˳밡
ôһ룬ֱǸˡ
ͣһ飺ٲһͬȥˣڼҲȥ

ī޲ûɰЦȴҲֻͷá
϶ϣһ㣬ҲظҪǣ
һǡ

³
īЦʣǽ컹ϲϲˣ

룬ͷϲġ

īüൽǰ
žણһڡ





39  ʮ   ҽ㿪ϣòá

Ҷչ, ԼĻƵֽãŰ̯
мûˮħǿɶ, ҶܾЩħԣи洦ЩħУΪħ֮ˣĸʱʱ, ˭űǿ

ֻǳˮħͲʺԭʼӣҲŵ³ˮĵطɱ, ˮ˴򲻹ͷЩˣҲŻԽԽ
ҶݵĲ裬ֹˬ, ⼸죬ҶԼͬط֣ȹ˲֮, ͣͶɶ, ҽǿϲ

ֻǼʵ̫, ΪˡɫŵŮӣ˶ȥѯ, ֻǻԺӵܡ

ȵڳǷӵϡ
Щɵۣû뵽⾹ôãǣҲֻ׼˶ʮݶѣԶԶֹʮ, ˶ҪۿŶѾʼҪˡ
Ͻͣ룬Ҫץΰɣ
ץʲô˼
ϽǧȥһЩֽ㣬д϶ʮţŵһϻдҰ

֪ʲô˼󣬴ǿ⻹ɣѶʮݲҶеĶʮˡ
򵽵ϲǰǰտʼҶûŵҲΡ
ֽ֪ҶЧû򵽵ǲʹ졣
ħ˲ͬŭ

Ҳ֪ôţȺ˾̯ǰ
ȰǸԼҲ˽ȥǲŵī޻ǳˡī޿ɲʲôƢǰʱĮߴһʱӴܵȺǱɢͷΪá
ְͷ½žͽ
㻹أī޵ѹܵħǷ׷ʵˡ

㲦ī޵֣˿˵򲻵´ѽܲõġ
ī޾ûô˵ˣһ죬ѾȥĶʮݲҶȫصУīѧأ
ϾҲ棬йزأĳЩʱʵǸܹŰ

Ҳû˸ҷԣҷ׷ͷ
Ӻ˵ƼһȺͷ棬м˷ܲѵԴֻī޿۾һգգ
ȫŮģ
Сˡһ죬˲ȥȰ˭ˣͷī޾ͻؼҡ
īӲУǿٳţڼ

ī޵Щ˵ǲأһźãʡִ
һڣЩ˾͸¡
ҡͷԣڼ
īŲԣʵһֱ֪ΪȻҪءڼʱĵȷȷذԺŸˣνһôҲûС

īޱʣͷʲôҲܿģ
˵ãһ˵뿴ʲôѽ
ÿģ
Уͺ޲˼ƯСӶɣ
˵꣬ˣܵһ뵽ֻסߣҪٲˣκһƼ㣡

īֱⷬŰ
Сһ֪ԴףҪˣ

ѵĻᣬīܲץס
գٳŰ̯Χʱīصسȥ̯ߡ
Ƽ㼱òУһ߿Ǽλ۾ৡؾ˵Сӣһߵīޣī޸Ͻȥ
ī޾͵ûװûصߵ㻢ŵǼλŮǰ΢΢Цʣտץţ

ͬץҶīڣû˸¡

ͳǼŮӼˣ⣬ؿīޣɬػشī޵Ļ
㿴ֻǵСԽԽҪԼˡ
ī˿֪֪˵ЩʲôǼŮӿֱЦ

һ㲻ţ㶼ըˡ
īһΰǼŮӸ˵Ц˵ʱСܲˣ飡һ̧־ͰǰӸˣͷܡ

ǧɵˣҪ֪С¿õˣ
С˵ˣûأ
ǧݹ˲ϷӣҪȥ׷īѾһ׷˹ȥ

ܣ߾Ϳʼˡ
Ʈ䣬īȫסģܵǰס
㻻ܣīޱ
㲻òͣ£µÿ

˵ʵڵģīҲЩˡ
ȷǹⶺţҲû뵽ķӦ
ϾīʵҲǳϲһˣҲѭһЩ飬ҲֻϣܹЩԼ⣬ϣΪѹ

Ҳ֪˵ʲôã֮ĸܣס
ܲȥվԭأ߿زᣬ߱۴ÿÿߣ
īǰһȴˣī̾˿ʣҪȥ
أҪؼңҲҪˣȥ˵ɣҲҪˣ
ī۵Ҫᣬŭ˦㲻ҪңҲҪҵˣҡ

㾪ȴѾȻθߣ羰Ҳ̱ˡ
ͷȥɫŽƬ̧ͷԶǣīϣīޱˣǴʱСһԴ
Щ죬īһֱ˵ģܾûϷɹˣ
ĸоʵ̫һʱġ

īޱԽҶȸѣɢŷɿǶʶ㣬׷ккֱܶӷɵļվס
㵽Ц
˿ɵСı߽磬˦Щϴ󣺡Ҵˣҵòã

ôһ˵Цݣ죬Сȥ˵ɣ


ӯС磬˷Χ㣬ī޶ǼŮЦޱȰۣٵƭң㲻ҵˣ㶺Ц

ҴˣֻǣϣЩϣ˴ķʽ
ϣ棬ʲôѽ
īпЦãƾСһʳ⣬뿪Ϲƻжʱ

ī뽫סŵԼǰԶֻһ˵
Ժ󲻿ԶԱЦˣֻܶЦ
á
һأ㲻ҪΪѾԭˣ
ſԭң

Ҳ֪Ŭ룬鵽һǣָī޵ǣҪĽǽǣҺܾûˣ
ī޳Ĭ
죬ʼſңҪؼңȥ˵ɣ
īֻ̾ýŵԼͷֻһ¡
δ˵꣬Ѿ˹ȥסǾͿʼë޵ǣڸ˵Цˣ

ī޵ֱڰУһҶ

ϣŲ񫣬ī޵ǣһҲŲ˺ü£촽ڲ䴥ī޵ǣЦɰ桪
شӸ߿׹䣬æܿȥأ
Ҫڵʱ˫ֱסīޱס͵ش˸Ĳݵϡ

㶣գգ۾Žߵīޣɻôôֵˣ
ϸһī޵ɫܺ죡ī޵ĺҲ̫ȣ
ŵˣȥ̽ī޵Ķͷôˣǲﲻﲻ㲻Ҫң㡪

īޱһѹ˲ݵϡ
˱ǼűǼ⡣
ī޵ıǼıǼȴụ̋īϽɢһֺ֣ȴֺܺŵζָץסݵأȻرţ¸Сʵ󣬴ףôˡ

ī޵ͷ
ϰߵǣÿ˯ǰīޡ
ʶؾ֪εǣκһζһ
ǰǣֻĵ׸оá
εǣ֮⣬ǽţǻĽѪҺķºܶݣòסࡣ

ӦþܾӦƿīޡ
ΪǻΣУе㺦¡
᲻ãìܵЩڴ

һƬңҵػӦīİϤǡ
ī޽ף°ͿļϣߣøȴָΣյ૶˵ҽ㿪ϣòá





40  ʮ   ҿȫĺá

ﻹ˵óáǡá
Եɵɵ, Ҳ֪ϡǺ⣬ֻܸܵ룬طҲī׹, Щ˲߳ܣҪֹģֲ̧ŷӵʲôģָ;ٲ

֪Լôһ¶뿪ī, һھǸİֱ߳ܵˡ

īЦţο, ȴǸˣ
Ȼ£ԣ˵, Ҳܽп£Ͼ£˽⵽ʲô

֮, ī޵, , ȴֲǶ÷䣬̵þˡ
ֵץ, ī׽סоȴԽԽ֣ȴ߳ܣҲ֪˼, סʣҲ֪ī޵ΪҪǴǡء޳

ī޵ͣסôˣ
ۣҺ¡ҲҪˣˡ
īЦȥÿ֣ȴֲ֪ī޵ʲôֵĶ㱻̵һֲصϾֻʣһֻס

Լī޵ŵͣ
㲻⡣
ī޵ֻٶر죺ҲҪϣϡ

ī̾ͷͣʣۣ
šίˣҲڱֻܼذīơ
ī֪ŵˡ
ֻ֪̾ܵΪֹ㻹ī޷ɵߣ㱾Ҳ͵͵֮˻ȥ
īЦֱסǣȷŹ㡣

Ͳ֪ʲôзŹҲ֪ʲô£
Щ¶Ҳ˵ᣬ˵еϲģֻ̫ˣԼԼĴˣ޷Լ壬

ȥīޣһӣطī޵Ϣֺ͸ողˡ
ŵһҶסҲҿīޡ

Ƭ̵Ĺīָ̾ıӡ
һ仰˵ԹţȴֶīЦ
ī޽УǺϲīޱģ̧ͷīޣǸīޣͷĵǶĻС

īһһʣǰΪҪӣ
㱾ѾҵȴŮ˵ҿǺˣҵҪȥȢˣ
Ȣ
Ǽ˶޸أ
Ҹһ˵ģ
Ȼˣһ˵ģ

أ

īüܻŻȥȢʲôܶ
Ŷʶī޵ʱΪīֻܱˣĸèֻ֪࣬࣬»ûзӦأǡ룬ʣÿ˶Ҫ׵ѽ

ţҲҸİ˳ף
ԣ㲻˼Ƕףҵģ
īȾЦ⣬ʣ˭ģ

ͬû˼ģҵģ

аɣ˵û׽Сһ׺Ϊϣôɣ֪֮ڱ˴˶Ψһġ

ôһͨ˵Ѿ֮ǰ߳ܡ¸жˣʣ˵Ŀϣʲô˼ѽ
ոϲ
ҡϲģҲܺ¡
Ϊκ£
Ҹоǲˡ֡

ī§ѹڲݵϣ˫濴·ʩһ㣬˵Ҳ£ɼסˣ
Ҽס
㻹ʣΪֻʱīѾס

죬һֱСĥֱ˯ţī޲ű
ƺܵᳳܣö˶˵س׷˿
Сȸɵȫ
ǧݵǴŮڹʲôûм㱻ī̺ӹţŵʱǧæСϵĿӡӣҲɵˡ

ī޴֣ӸǸǺá
ͻһˣīһۣҲһӣ˸Ͻ˳ȥ

һ磬ǧݸǰźƼĺ󱳡ֱȣ˵ȫӡӣָץǽڶɫ
Ҫ˺üΣûš
ǧݽ㣿㲻òͷҲر
С£ǧݸϽߵرߣҪʲô
ǸСѼӸңҵǸ˵ˮϿԸ

ǡǧݽѼͬСѼӣһֻѼõرߣһȫ£ˮУȻȫˮ档īʱðֻ߽ѼôڣѼСѼΡ
˼˵ЦѼڳƵ

ĺӡ̫ˣǧװŶɣ
ǧݵſڣС£ôӡӡħƺûó氡
ȴ󷽵ǳҧģǴ׵ģ
ǧ׼һӵĻȫ֪ô˵

룬ֵС£ʲôʱعܶء
ȻҲعס˰ԺһֱʹһԺҪȥףҲҪȥأһᾭȥĸ͸ġ
ֺѼ衢СѼһͬλεرߣǧݣԺҪܶҲȢˣ´λؼʱһĸ󡣡
ΪΪΣ
Ϊī˰īңǶȢ˵

ǧ˫ֽʽȫ֪ô˵¡
СôһأԷɾҲѽҲܹǧݣͨУȢӲΪοСӡ
ǧţҪ뷨Ӹʺǵݸģ
ţٿڣС£ǷЩף

ţƵ̧ͷﲻ
⡪

졣
ԴᣬƼˣЦ
ǧһ£Ҳһͷī߽͸ʲôҲ֪ƵģͷҶ˶أҿҪˡ
˵Ҷʵ˰ûйԼǺܲҲвõʱҵıⲻǴܰ
㲻ǽأ

ҿ𣿡Ȼ
Ȼ
Ϲǿʯͷϸ˵Ŀǰˮħɾ㡣

˼Ƭ̣Ц֪ôˣҶ֮⣬ҲЩ飡飬ҶýͲٴˣ
īĵ˵ħ˵ײͬ
ҲԸҲȷ洦īǵͷ֧֡

ӳɾˮգѾȥ׼ˡ
վڴ߲ˮʱĺӡӣī޶ۣǧݹһۣīջߣӣǧݰ
ߺīߵǧǰ˵㵣ĵ£ȫᷢ
ǧҲٶʲô˸ū֪
Ҳʵص㣬ī޵Ȼ˵ձ̧뿪

ħ˶ʶ֣ʶ˼֣ҵһչҲûС
Ϊ飬ļСʣҵķ졣
ħȥȥЩɱɱ£ʲôȤζ˼ĵУ顢ʦ顢ȸ飬ħ˶ԣʲ
Ҷ֮⣬˿ʼ㽲¡

Ǿ͸ˣС
ҪСʱص˭Ļʵ۸ףҲ̫Ӹ磬ְִ顢дֵ̫ʦ̫ʱ򣬸ʾ֣ظʦˣ֪ʶдˣһҪúʦ
Ҳȷʵʦ
ڸ׻ǸǰҲǴû̫˵һ֣ʦʲôһȻˣ̫Ǳ¾ѡӵģҲǻǡ

ҪСС㣬ʲôĴԶʦ
ѾСʱǰִлʦǷǳģ䵱֣ҶϲݣôôֱǼ⣬˵ʦúã
ĿǰʦȻѱȴ˴

Ϊϯӵߣ£īʼʽ׼
ǼҵԺӣīָȫźãרŸѧá
šһ죬ӾȫˣǴǣ˽ȤĹ⣬ظȺħǽˡ顣

飬ħǶ飬ڽļ϶ǽ£Щ˹Ǹ־ҲܲĴߣˣ׻˰Ը㽲顣
áˣҶʵͦ˼ģˮѧϰΧνǼŨ

㽲εʱСȸǧҲûǼɹҶҲ볤ˮħйأҵ־ԽƽضǶŨĳˮ񣬽߳ȥ㽲顣
һµĹ˶ӱȴǰùˡ
ݵĲ󣬰˵ҶҶУõˮĻҲ𽥸ı䣬ͣͶõָ֮ЩöħǷĦԽԽ٣һﻥһܽĵá

еħǲīȴǿһıɽ
׷ͷī߶ֱ˵ħԭȾģָпħоȣ˵˵žҪ
ֹ߶վ㽲Σֿ䣬īʵǲӻֻСʣɶۿƿħսҲյˣǲҶЧɵ׸ϲħĶ񻯣ǵ뷨ӼĿԪźá
īһۣҼȴӦ㣬Իȥ
úúãͷҲҶʣ־ǿߣ˵˼ҷ˼ҾĲȥˡ

æµһæݹ裬·ǧݰһµͷ
βϴ
ī֣˵īϣīĦĺ󱳣ǸϽҿڣһ£̫ˣ׳ӡӲˣ
īЦ׸
㻰˵ͷī޵Ĳ֮ٿˣͷīЦˣ

ī۾ȥֵˡ
ģī޵ͷ䵽ĲЩֱЦ
Ҹ׼
ǳƽָͷ
īȴü̫Ըӣ룬һָͷҪ

ҿȫĺá
ţԡ뵽һǰµ죬ҪȴΪʱٴϤ߳ϲС





41  ʮһ   ī޳ףƺҲ

ʱ, δۣЩԣ²Ϥ, Ҫʣˣī޵
ۣī޵ͷ
˯ѣС, ܣĲϤԷҲûƼյתصơ

, īʡ
⻹סˣǰĻܰҲֻģģī޵ϸ, ΢΢ķī޼ϸֱ棬ЦŸϡ
, ī޷, ҵһ˿ϸ, ƿȻǴ⿴ȥ, ϰɫߣҲôܿ嶫һԺɫĴ򣬡ڳ˭Ƿɣ

Ǻֵ, ȥƿ·ϡ

Ҫȥƿ¶ʵһ̫æˣÿæʦأҲԼųĺԣ˼С˵Һûܹ̲ûôҶŽ
īЦǷɹȥܿ죬̲»ȥԵĿá
úãӦ꣬ʣǻҪȥĿѽ
Ȼѵһħ磬Ҫȥ顣
Цͷ

ǧݡСȸأǣ
ںͷĳϡ
ŷĵشڣְԴ̽ȥǷɵĴĵʣ᲻۵ǣ
ī޻δش𣬺Цͷİɣô۲ǣˣҴȤģඣ

䣬ʹӺȻһƬӷɹȸ㾪㱻ɳȥ֮ǰīα㶣شЦĺ˼
ҲЦڿзȥνǷɳ˰ٰ㻨

ǵ˵طþȣǧȴɫҰףҪסСȸǿվס۰׶˺üΡܹⲻȥԼ̰棬񲻻ɣǰֱͬī޴ŷɹܶΣǧȴͷһء
īޣʵҸطϢɣǧݽ·ģҲ̫ġ

īǿʱģħսҲһ֮īûϳ
Եɵɱκ飬췣ҪομսʵЩ۸ˡǾƿöˮԪҪõķӣ˭ӮˣȥԪǡ
ħսҲһʢ£ȤīޱϣȥģСһ˵ϲ

ҲͶʵʵ˵
룬ܿͦ뿴ģҲܶǧݽ㲻ܣͺһȥɣһҪҪõĶû
īԴһѿĶ£ͷطŸ㿴
Իطŵ𣿡
ʯͷ
ҸҪǧݽ

ǴʱվھƿĽֵ˵һɫΧƣսĳغܽȥȥˣǸȥսġ
ȫ⼸ͨħˣߵȥɣָָһҿջǿջɣҺǧݽǣһûסħĿջأˮûУ
īޱ뽫ǷŵСУۺ棬ûж˵Ҳѵһξƿ
ܸܵҲܱ

īްǧ͵ջУҾڲԶﶼҪȥҵᱣӡ
֪
īָŴ⣺ģͿͷ㿴ǴǾǱĵط˿㣬ֻǧܳȥʲôȤҲһҴȥ
ţ

īͷףźʧڣĵطȥˡ
ǧڴϣǸС£ū澡ѵһΡ
ɱɱұҲǺϲǧݽţңվڴҲܿǴġ
СȸҲǰǧݽ㣬ͷŰɡ
СȸʱˮˮװãǧЩ£СȸõҶǧݵϣǧݶپԴˬ٣˯š

ſڴ̨ϣԶĵط볡ٽħطʵҲкü·ˣҲǴ˻˼ʱҲ£ˤӱҲЩѾˣҲħ硣
ǸӣȷǺϲЩֵĳϡ
ԶԸվڴһ
СȸɻС£˵ЩħǴʲôӵģƣö
㶼֪Ҹ֪ѵúɫȥ
˿Զ˵˵ЦЦ

㿴˻;û˼ˣͷջ¥¿ȥֵϴʱǳ徲ɢɢأҲвС̯棺֪ƿС̯϶ʲôأ
Сȸۣӧȥɣʲô
ãҪעⰲȫ
İɣʲôСȸ˵ţֱӴӴ̨ȥ

㿴СȸһС̯һعţкȻӡ
˲ʱ߱㳹׽ӵϡ
Ϊڽǣɵˣⲻī˯ǰɵôԭҲô⣬ţһ˵־һ˵ˡ

СһģһīҲ
˽һҲ˲ϲ˼۾ɵԲģʹǴơ

˲֪ιַֿȴһʱҿջ˶٣ϽӴܵűߣţ¥ϾŲ̽̽СԴȻϤţ
ɵƬָ̣ϽŸϡ
վЩȴ·ڶߡ
û뵽վ¥ϾȻ

Խ֣ȴԽڣΪҲƵġ

ڵš֨ơ죬ƺڽӣ㽥
èצӣ˵֮ۡī޾Ҳûʵе棬֪īޱʲô
Ҳǵī˵ŵ£ɾڸڣҲŰɡбǣΣգҲܼ̻صС硣

⣬浽ռϷ磬ﵽǰ
̫˼ͷһظ͵¶û뵽ŶûʵЩֱӭ㽩סˣ͵͵ŷǰۣͨ졣
ԭ׹֮Ҫ£

˵ЦҲڡ
ˣ߯Щ
أôӣţ
У󾪣֮ˣô𣿣еҲӣ
ٲҲֻ֪Ůӵġ
ôӰ

īѵҪӣ
Ŀɿڴײӵİɣ
īޣף
īܳ
վ˼ſڣǽǣӶǳ׵¡
ǺȻī޳ףƺҲ

㣬ôΪĪ飬ĪؿʼĿ֮á

߰ţ뵽ĸī޳ʱĳˣأ֪Ĵһ磬źɫסߡ
͵ػعʶȥеǣȴֱ۸Ǳס
Թȥ֮ǰֻһ仰û뵽ﻹи©˵˽֮ˡ





42  ʮ   ף

, һǻĸۡǰ
Ů״ǣտϵĺ, ûռǡ
ٺ٣ȷʵкûƣֳ˵, ֽԹȥӺչŮǰ

ˣ
û˵ɣģ˽ˣ
ŮԿһ, ҵһǰƸϣдһ, ⲻ˽ˣѵô֮ͷһҵһˣĿǰҪĴ֮
Ůջ֣ɫ, Ҫˡ

°˲֪а, ϱ̵ˡ
һ, ŮٶӣԼͬøϽ˸ȥ

Ůе, ǾƿĿǰħʱ
ˮ׻ƫƧˣɽͷִӲ£֪ħ񵽵׳ʲô⡣
ħ֮ƵƵʼ뿪ħ磬ȥ˽磬ΪԼΪ, ⵽¡һԹ˻ҪȥֻҪֹͣʳ̫࣬޷ܣбƵһ죬ԽΪߵģԽΣա
Ҫ˵ħ˭ΪߣĿǰļħ

ʱһֱڳˣʱԱΣա
ƫƫħҲǾƿ˵㣬ڶħص֧£꿤ħƿУʱԣòʳսʱģʵħ֮λġ
ʱоųɿܣ
ԼС

ĳֱ֣·Ǿúĸء
ŮʧԭأһѾʱǰ
ʱ˫ͨ죬Ѫ౬Ƥ֮⣬ѪɫѪҺ飬ɲںɫΧƣƼˣȻħԴ󷢣Ů˵ֱӽƵǰ
Ѿ񱩵ʱӣѪɫ˫۶㡣

Ůŵؿϡ

֮κƽ˶ͬͣسΪ˼񱩵ٶƵʣֻҪһֹ֮ͣȴܴͬκζҪħѪҺ
ʱŭ𣬺شλԾ˵ϣͷҪҧ

⡪
һǽȴٿؽ֮䣬ʱͷѪɫ۾ˡ

ī޿˫ƽδͷųʵȴʱҲɵӵ˼
ʱˣʹͺī޿óԱѲԶ
ʱ㣬׻˹īˣסˣΨһϣ

Ǳûֱһǽסͬһ㿴š˯š㣬
ī޵ԭûɱˡ
ձźקʱܵˣδصΪ£Ҳķ֮ʵжյļ֮ףһֱڱĵá׷˹ȥ

°ߵˣŮ˵ʱʵڡ
īޱֱӴ㣬ǵĻҲһ
ΪǰѬգҲֻͨķˣЩߣܱ°ߡÿζܼ׷ߣЩȲԼǿʵ
Լ㹻ǿ󣬾ȥȥĵطΪ˰ȫֻ

ڴ֮ãīȻҲ֪ҲܲµŮ⡣
֮˿԰Щħ֮⣬գȫȫԼΪֻҪ縨

īĮ飬̫ԸˣյԷɣԷŶԷһ·
˿̼ʱ⸱ӣΪŭǻڣħԿҲҪƲס޲˺ʱ

ͷʱѾʼУϵѪһرѣѪŮŵñһŶǽɪɪ
ʱѪɫӯӣʼ͵סıǽײһ£һ£ֻ㡣

īһӣֶһǽʱޱȾײǽĶԽûйأȫǺײ
ǡʱͷսѵ|ʱս߶һ˴ſ£Žʱ˰Ҳûʱ˳Цʱث֣ңҳɣ˻ 
ư죬ûʱзӦ˸ǲĶΧһͬС
֣Կһʱ䣬˶Ŵ󺰡ʱث֡ôһ𺰣ħʱǻ粻ʱҲġث֡

ƢԱ꣬ʱѩϼ˪
гӯŵѪɫŤзܿɲЦŮιȥīˮĻԼƬѪ֮⣬ʱѿֻ㣬Ψһϣ

þȫǱǽײȥī֪ʱˡ
ʱһʱǽȫˡ
ǿ񱩵ʱ㶣ܿͳԵֻ֣ѪɫȲأһץסĲī޶ʱ̾Ϣ

īЦЦҲ֣лӳˮǳɫˮʱסԵӡ
ˮס˲䣬ʱȻļС
ջ֣ȴ֡嶼鶳סеȫȥȴЩˮ˲䣬ɫɫȫɢˡ

ʱеԽʹڱ䶯ȴҲֻؿԼΪǸ֮ȥ

ˮɵиߣĺڷ½һͬ裬ϽɢɫâˮУǻԣȴɫ촽̺죬üǶѪɫ롣âԽԽʢüĵҲԽʺ졣
ͬǳŹâС
ī޶òס

ӵǽڱ˻󣬴ӿд󺰴ŵˣƼǰΣ׷ͣ½Ų˭Ҳ˵һƬž˶˯ڹâĵİꡣ
ʱڱнήңһöɫʯͷиīһӣöʯͷƮȥϿյˮУ㲱ϵöɫʯͷҲ֣öʯͷȦ·һ

˶ˡ
öɫʯͷۿžҪûڣ˸ħ֮ʯ
˶ѹΪʲôΪ˿˭ջöʯͷΧˣĸӵ
ֻҪӵǾƿħ

ǷӵϣīǰǰһĹˣݲʧ
Ҳ˲䣬öʯͷǶɫʯͷУΪһ壬Ĳ䵭طŹâʯͷǰ
⡱һۡ

Ժأ֪ԼĴֻģģؼǵã˸ץˣ
֮УȥôһͿһȺ˳ī޶ŵʶؾͳī֣ȴһлӳȺˣ˴롣
ɵˣջ֣ͷ˿ƣûʲô԰
ǲΰ
ҡҡͷϽɺñۣʮۣôط

ٸϽī޿ȥīڻЦЦÿǸɵЦ󿴵ȺҪī
ȻҲû룬ī֣Ȼ󡭡Ⱥֵһء
ˮͷȥؿԼƣɵˣΪʲôйأ

īߵǰĴʣ
ûûﲻʡЩ֡ǲѽСʡ
ī޻˵Ǳ߱˺ǾƿħǴսбȳģ˾СоɱħɱΪħ𱨳𣡡

ǿĪ˻ħ֮ʯ
ɱɱɱ
Ϊħ𱨳Ϊħ𱨳Ϊħ𱨳𣡡

գգ۾Сīޣ˵ʲôѽ
ȻСѽʱͬգѾľƿħأûпصĻĻǱһ
ԭߵ⻰ɷ׷׳Ĭ

īޱô˶ţĺ֡
Ҫ˵ģѾˣֻٴʱܵħˣУͷһϵġͻ㡣
īޱ룬ÿӡ
㾪̧ͷãȻīޡ
ī޹ؿԣ¡
ҡ˵ô򰡣ûдܰ

Ȼ˵ġѾӵǰ۾һգԱҵػֱۣҲɢһͬݺݵ˳ȥѪ
˻Ȼ
ۣǰǴ󾪣Ҳϲ
˵ʵ˭ǲϣԼǿأ
˵˳ǿζͲԸʧȥ
ӣʱֺγĽЩֵأ

վЩͣˣ·ؼֱۣҲŵī޸ӸһѱƵĳ
Сʱϲ̫ӸҲϲŰľСںϹȻ
ѧ˸ʮʮģȥѵĽ˵ô£ӵǿΪģһһʮʮٸһӳȥһƬ

㳹˷ˣֻò
򵽺˵ˣû˸ˡ
ԹԵرŽ۾ؿŴң·˵ôѽ

ǰһʮ
ǰһͳͳ¹򣺡ݼħˣ


ͷīޣ̫

īзЦվһԿô𾢵˴ܣóܸˣҲΪˡ
Խúá
ǰס㣬Сħˡ

Ȼͨ죬ƿ
ī޲죬ü

Сħ˺Žȴף





43  ʮ   ɾɺã

˵ǰ, ǰ߳ҲûУûٱīףǳǧݵī, Щʱ
û̫࣬;º֣ܿѭܡ

ǰôһ||㾡ܻûһ͸ˣ߳ġ

ٵô˵, Բīˣ

ȷʵ̫࣬ѱ˴󲿷֣иΪħĵ, īɨһۣҲõô˵㡰̽֡⡣
ʳ¯ħ˰īΪˣҪųӡ

ħ絹Ҳħĺ, ƾʵ˵Щġ
δɱķһ, ûܴ, ɿҲû, ˷㣬ͶҪμħ䡣

ոյȷǴܴúʹ, էȻӵôǿʵҲ˷ܵúܡ
أȫ⵽ôһ¶Ҷ¹, ϾСӣǰҲ˹ģΪɶҶħˡأ
ħ䣬ˡ

Ҳ˲ϲ˼īޣīǰվ佫պٰ죬ŵʱרŵġԡʽ˶ˣŷ׷ȥ
ǸϽʵΪҪħУΪҡ˻֣ȻǼ⣬ΪйⰡУô
ī֣ǻط˵
΢΢ɪòǺԣī޻еظܵ

ŮҲѹǼҪߣӲͷƤڣϣңǡ
īƳһۣﲻҪǣħĸۡҲ½Ҳźʱһȥɡ
ǡӦ£ȴûߡ

īЩͣһʣϣǿܴϴ˵塭
ʱήڱڣҪī˵ʱȫʬǶ䣬㲻ԣǿ߰ɣ
Ůīޣ֣λµħʱΪʵҲĿãǻǸλ֪ǳӡ
ٵҵģ
īεЦ˿ʱܡ

֪Ҫ֣֮
ܳԾܿЦⲻûΪ
˶ôˣīֻ˵ʲô
īǰ־Ҫ㣬ЩӣѾϰߣȥﶼǱֱ÷ߣúܡ

ϣϽǰңԼߣ
īüתϽܡ
Ĳζ֪ˣǲСһôû취ˣϾԼܣܵؿ졣

֪ܾܿīޣī޲̫⣬ͷ͵͵ī޲СҲ֪ȥ
īǰס֣û˦һͬ뿪˴

ȥΪʧٶҵǧݡСȸȻصԼС硣
ǧݿʲôԭأ㿴
䣬˼ϹܣǲŻûµģǧݽ㻹ǵƵģʣôˣﲻ𣿡
ǣǧݴæСȸѾȵС£üô˿밡

룿ɣոкöѪǲѪȥˣ˵ţָȥüġ
һܶѪǧݸǵľģǰóСĵذ˰ûǲûˣʡ
ǧƵҡͷҪȥ

ˣġī޿ڡ
һͬͷīǰ˵һ飬УôģСȸǴ󾪣ԣСǾƿħˣ
Ǿƿˮħ磬ġ
ģСȸ壬ʵ⻰۶Ҫðˣȫǳݡ

ǧֻͨˣø㣬ʣɾūҲֻħɭħ˼ΪߣҲаתСϣ֪ɷΣգ
Ҳ۰Ͱ͵ؿīޡ
ī޵ЦǱˣǴ֮ڣΪް

֣Ķ͵͵ˡ
ֻиĸأ

ī޵ĻǧɿתҲΪ޵С±úãüĶСˣ
СȸպãҲīˣħ統
ܣʱħָǰģ
뿴ǵʲôӰ
Сȸпţʣǧ֪µģ鵽СЩ˼ģСȸߣȥЩԵġ
һûء
˵Զȥ

īߵǰʲôأ
üģûûз

ī֪ЩԾҲûпʣ˵£ûͬôֻһ𣬻Ҫȥܶطһֱ㣬ԼǿܻøһЩ
̧ͷͷ֪֪ΪҺã㲻ҪģҲ֪ǸҪңǵΪǿ˻õģ·áǣ˵ģĵħˣԺҪһֱħ𣿡
Σ
ʵ뵱ħѽҲһֱһҪһȥףȥϣȥûȥĵطأҿʱ⼸öʯͷǵǺϳɣħҲָ֮ҾͰȥòãҲʺϵħӦøʺϡ

ī޿ƾĿǰΪѾ㹻ʤΣʱΪ£ΪҪǣʣ˭ʣ
˵Ҳԣǵ绹úܣ˭Ըڴ˴˷ʱ䣿

ī޵ͷӦ£㡰ٺ١Ц¶ˣ˵ġԡʲô˼ѽ
ħϣҪΪԡΪǣΡ
Լɻ⣬µڵȴ俪ÿնī޵ָ£ѧôȥԼЩΪԼǳ

仹ʱյ꿤ħ붫ħصţǶʾμħ䣬㲻̫īޡ
ĿǰΪ˵֣ƫīҲֱӳɱˣöԪռ뷨ӡ˵ĵҲǻǸ꣬ûģֻʱ޷ɱˣǡ
īްЩģôǡ
ԹԵͷֵڲݵ̾ĺۣϲЩ˼˴򽻵ҺسˮϿΣҳüˣһ᲻ѽ

ī۵ظǾͻسˮ
ô죿
νħ壬кǼֵؼɣҲ¶
ЦŵͷīϰߵصͷҪ

һ飬ܣī޿ıӰü
ʵ㵱ħô죬׶û׹һΣ˵ǰգ˵æѧϰûĥЩڿˡ
²˼׷ʲô

ǰһǧķƵԣǧţⲻħôصɫٴɫѣƤףʲôɫÿ
ɫɫĵ۵Ӷ˺ܶƣԵüԽʺΣǧݼֱˣֻ˵ÿ
Լ˻īޣɾ˵Ҳǣ
ǧͨСҪ׵ģС¿ɲͨˣ׶ȻҲīɾ˲ϡ

ǧôʣ͹ֲ˼ģīЦŽһӣֱֻνۣ˲ʱ
㶼̲סվǰԼϵ·ǻģžеԼԼʼİ
ȻԽԽõİ
ǧһ䣬ǰ½ī޾վ͡
ˣһǻԽԽá

ī֪ʲôĽᣬ㲻Ǹܲ¶ˣҲżֻСһǡ
ҹ˯ǰԶԶģ˯ź󣬲֪͹Уī˯ҹʱ͵ؾѣī޻̧ͷֱīĺ󱳣ʣôˣجΣ
˸ī޶ҪЩۻණ
ǡץī޵֣εҸֱ˴ɱ˺ööѪ
Ϊˣͨˣܶʱε£ֻΡ

īסǻȥ
䡭
а취
īޣī˵а취Ǿһûйϵ˵̻ص˼䡣

ȥʹ̫ڡ
Խ꣬Ҳʱȥʸʡĸ󣬺ǸģŶ򣬸ҪǸطߣīѾ־ߣҲȥ
ˡ
Ǹˣ

棬Զ£ŵˣࡣ
ͷƼڴ˴
أīʡ
磡Ѿ˵̫ϣ̫صذףֲΡΡҪȥıϢ
οüʱû
һ㽫ǰذװ˰ɣѾް˵վͷǰذףԼǰ˿ڻ޸ٰϵĲѪһͨæµ

࿴˻ī޵ЩûСһﾹ˲ٳħû
㣬Ҫ˵һ˵̫£
̾Ҳ֪̫ʲôͱ˴ɱȴ˻ػʹɣҲЩҪʻʵʺ󡣡

һͬصʹʺǲ֪̫΢ţӲأ˵ۺޣر׽ˣû֪̫ӳţҲֻһӣݽ˵ҵʱǶһ˵ڻĽҰУ˿в⡣
̫ǷˣΪκ˿ڣԪδָڻС
ʺڴĨᣬҲſڴţࡢī˵֪˭ɱ

λɾҲûʲôģֱӵδǻʱ㳣ɱǣÿΣһ˿ҲѰºҵǻΪۣ˵ƬΪУô࣬һ˲˼Ҳһ֤ݡ
ϻɾЩǶܶԴ޷ҵ֤ݡҪ˵к֮ĵģ޷ҵļλֵܣìܾڵλ׽ǵ֤ݣǾ޷ʹǡ
¿ЦҲλϴη¶ұƼˣţα죬ҲðǼ˭ţҲȥ֤ݣ֪ʧˡ

ī޶һۣЩȻǷܹ쵽ġ
˵һͨȥ̫ӵǣʺ㻹ڣ˵
Ĭīʣ˵˵Ϊ̫һˣ֪֪ܵĶ졣
࿴ЦīޣǷһˣ
ա
ҲΪ۾һճһҲ񣬿ÿΣҵҶ÷·ǰڿңЦݣһģһñʵƶ

ī޴Ļ̫ʮ꣬ĵȷȷֻͨˣռǰ·ٶѡ

жƵģǽϣͷ˵
ī룬֮䵽׷ʲô
ԼǼǧǰĹϵһȱúܲɾΪιʣҲ˵ȻȻңҲңҲ֪˼ͬʱСʱ㻥ϲϣôʱԴң
һֱսֱǰ·٣һܣתˡ

īôҲǿ˵λѵ꣬ҲǴС󣬺Ȼȷʵ졣
ٵֻǲϲңӦýʵ
ī޼ѵ䣬Ȱң˵ҵİա
һкáЦ˵ӵ¶أħջ񣿡
ȷʵв١

ʺﻺ֮Ҳˣӻڻԣɫпɡ
ʼʱ㣬Сϱ仯Ĵ󣬻ʺﵱҲǾǵһˣԼԼӵòǺŵġ
ȴҲòϣ²СӵòΪˡ
ʵ۾˫۾Ҳͣƫﶼͬˣ˷·̥һ㣬Ưüǿʺ룬һɰСƽ˿١

ʺǺܸ˵ģɾյĻ飬ӹȻԽԽá
ǸԼ׽СӣСԱڻﳤģӲãҲûбιǻʺι̡
Сްʺﲻ棬Ҳֱʣɾɺã
飬Ͱ͵ãͦõİ
⸱ӣʺ²⣬м֮ףǻʺӣרŹ˼ӵ¡

ˣùܣĶӣǣ˭ǣ
ӣŮֲͬ
ʺСҪʵľܾ
Ҫ缸죬㻹治ԼԼ֪ĸ˵ʲô͸ˣĸ˵ʲôѽ

ƫô˵ѽԽԵ顣
ʺоöӿɰЦ֪ĸ˼ͺã̫Ǩ֪ͷĸҲлҪǧݵġ
˵úֱˣ㶼޲굽طȥ֧֧ĸô˵ҺĹϵ

ʺﷴʣʲôϵɾյʱҲۼšŵѽ





44  ʮ   ȻǺػ׹ȥ

󡭡ףɵˡ
ʺＫ䲻, Ƽ㣬Цϸɾ˵Ļ
ϸ, 죬ī޲˵ЩҪߵĻôô͸ʳϹϵˣ
ʺԵɵɵĿɰӣòУ̲סһѽ§Уһ, æĸĸҳ, ٱĸױڻˣ

˵ǰ㻹һءʺ˱, Ͳϡĸˡ
ţûУ㲻ٷɫ졣
ʺĸĸ, ׶òã
㲻˵
ʺ㲻, ͷҾ͸˵, ٸˣڹĸ󡣡

㼱ˣеѽҪһߵģ
ʺ￴, 䣺Һܺõġ
ôˣʺӡ
ͷ˼С˵ĸû¡ǡס
ò˵꣬ȴ˰, ûȵĸ˵С̧ͷ

ʺȴڱЦ

ˣѿʺĻҪߣʺϽĸĸˣ
ĸҲЦң
ĸˣֻĸĲЦ㣬ĸǾҵɰŻЦ
죬Ĺڻʺ棬ͷ˵
ʺ֣ĸǸҪĸòã

̧ۿôĸ

ĸĴˡ
С˵̾˿ԹſڻʺĻУ˵£ĸԭҲģҲǽŶ⼸Ҷ̫˼īޡ
ʺҲЦŽͷīɾ
ã
ǰĸһߣԸ⣿

ûԥԣҪһ𡣡
ơ


ʣĸҲ𣿡
ʺ˺˺Ķ䣺ӣ㣬ɾԸΪЩ£
룬ɵɵЦ
ʺҲЦҶⷬʶɣν춨Ե
̧ۿĸûк˵
Ҳû˵ѽӣ˴ʱ㿪˵ϣ˼ɾǵͬһߣǵ棬ν̹̹
Ŷ
֪뵽ʲôֿʼԼЦʺﲻҲЦǰĴСӣֻĻϲ

ֱйŮܶˡ
̧ͷؿ
֪ˣܶȥƫ
ǡ
Ůߺ󣬻ʺ͵ǸùȻף˼ҹҲȥĸǴ¸ʱ˵¡Щ죬ĸҲȰȰ
⻰ĸȥɡСʶһֱΪ޸ң綨ףһֱ̫֮£˵ףҶԲܶ뵱˵
ʺοͷҲãҶˡ
ٺ١㽫ãȥܶ

ī˵ħţӰйŮС£ūܶѾˡ
īסЩ£ͷ˵
˵գˡ
̯֣󿴿ҿȥ̫ӵԷʺԵȥ

ī޵ʱѾܶ
īվڴߣȥӰӣܶһֱͷڿޣ㻹ӸīһʱüΪ꣬޲ýץ
ѾڵܶˣЩҪ˵
ܶǸƯŮӣӲᣬҲԣ˵

Ͻûвԣ֪ǺܾûмңܵңէȻңŻޡ
ֿܶ£Щȥǲʵһֱڹֻǲң
ҡͷСʶ綨ףǶΪҪ׵ġ
ܶȻ𡭡
ȻǲԵģϲң
ܶͷҵȻϲ£

īץˡ

ȴֵϸ룬ϲңСµֻңֻϰҶѣʱɻĶĸо
ܶګګĶ
ʵҲǸոָоĶҲֱȻ˰죬Ҳֻ˵һ䣺ͺһ԰ӵĻͻȻǰʢ

ܶЩ
ϸ룬ÿμС¶ܸ˲٣Ҳȷû־ϲĵز

ܶѾҵˡԣҲܸˣԲ𡣡
˵ףܶҲʮСѣ˵ֻ֪ĶҲ֪ϲϰѡ˵Щеľȥ٣ʶ˾䣺£ϲˣ𣿡

ǵģЩ˼ȴʹسϡ
һˣ
һرررõˡ
ܶ⻹Щģʣرϲɣ
رررϲ

˭ҿʶ£ļҵĹ
ǹ
ܶﲻ⣬սȭͷ˵һ飺֮رررϲ

īЦת洰ǡþǸ԰ӣֻʱֵΨп֦ɣī޵ֽ𣬿׷ӿ԰ľʹеĻէȻš
԰Ȼֵ벪ī룬ԭ˵Ķ
Ҫī˵㹻ȴҲ㿴ԼɵЦʱ

вٹŮһ澰׷ΧīӴ⾲뿪

ͷŮǵò⿴ȥйŮܽϲС£ȥɣĻȻȫп֦ˣ
ܶﵽֻСߣҲϡ
Ƽ԰ӵĻܶٺãҲ졣

ŮǷ׷߶Ѿ߽԰Уϴ뿪ʱ˲ϲߣֻϧˮֻô໨ܸˣϲЩݲݡ
ܶ໨ī޵Сûеģ룬īһû
Ҳ˲ܶͷҪȥīһ𿴣ջؽţŮȥ˼һ֧һ֧ҩϼ֧ɽ軨ڻ߸˵Ҫߡ
¡ܶס
ͷܶߵǰڻĻЦݣ£ҿľɫ룬ҶĻˡ£ףõܹ׵ϡ

ͷһģҲףĶˡ
ܶ￴ЩЦһģ¡
ǣҪˣ
ܶһ˸㳯ѤһЦŻˡ
лǻܣܶҲ֪ٲҲûڹҲǸˡ

ܵһ룬֪ī
ǰΪ磬ĸ̫ģֻǵīƺ˵ȥˣȥ˵ȫ֪
յվԭأôźð
Ҫѻ͸īޣһ𿴻ء
ǰһǳˮҹ¹Сѩ˱żСȹߵǰǿ֦ʱΪ𡱣Ǵ̴Уƫƫ֦ϻҹµĲѩǼΪѵõľɫ
㿴Щ

ʲôô񡣡ī޵
㾪ϲͷȥī޿ɲվҡҷ֦ǰ㵭˵ȥī޻кüԶͷīޡ

ī޶Щ죬Ͻסľʹ̫ˣī޲ò§סԭת˼Ȧ
˫Ȼȣܺ棬Լ˵Ц
òվī޻ûڣžણһϡ

īЩܳ첻ˣȻô˹ˣ
ο߻кüŮšأĿɿڴɵ
īЦȻǺػ׹ȥ






45  ʮ   ۲ݰ

ŮǴ󾪹, ׷ױתٿǳվһ, ǽǵסߡ
ֻϧСҲûֹŮǵġ
ŪԼīޣҲûЩ˼顣
ϲī, īҲϲӵӦõģ
ʱ׺ʱģ
ֱۻסī޵Ĳʹ, ûʲôǼɣҲǺҵīȥشһǱһڵ, ·ī޺ò״ͣȥҧī޵ıˡ

ī޿Ц, òָסĶͷ, , һֻ§ʵô׷
ɵ֡
īҲЦ, ΪͻȻ㣿Ƕ첻ˡ
ٺ١㲻ֻŶͷֽסĲԴļϣڶߵ, һЩ飡Һܸˣ
ī֪ʣ£

ǡҪѿڶȴֺȻ죬ҿʼ˫ۡ
īƵ§סͷȥôơ
īޣ˲𷭰۵ĳ嶯

㽫ī޵ִԼкƤ񣬻ǱŻˣһȺŮˣҲܡ

һߣǰָīޣ㣬㣡
īûÿʱ򡣡
㣬ȻСһˣ
ն˲֪ꡣ
ʹļףҲ֪Ƕ꣡㶼ˣ˼Сһɲʮ꣬ʮ갡ֵܣ
īޱ˸

ʲô۲ݰ
īԶԡ
ôԴСһ˼Ҹĸֽ֪ŵʡ
ֵīʣΣƺҲûйϵ
ĵܵܣ
йϵ
ƿԡ

ǿһ֣īСߡʣͻȻѰң
ҲˣˣЩ飬ǵһʡ
߰ɡ

ص̫ӵԷҲ鵽ī޽۾ī޳ЦЦҲЦԹԵذڻʺߡʺ￴Цס㡣
Ҳڣǹλɾˡ
̫ڴϣҪ༱ǰűá
ɫܲ԰ףسЦɾ־һʵԻر
ӣǻر

·ˣλɾҲѵһˣ㽫ɱǰ˵һ˵
ɱˣȻҪǽ֣ȷҲѾˣ̿Ҳػ¶īʵɻǵ˭ɱ㣿

ڿϣűɱǰ£СͳɱÿسŶССģҲɽ·һ·˳ֱسʱҹЪûκڵĿյϣҹʱȻ󺮷磬͵
ȴ֣ҵǾȫڣȫ֪ȥ֪ԣ뿪ȴ˹ǽһֱͬһߣôҲ߲ǰӣ

ЦλɾԲ²ʵԼҲµģΪؿǰذףԼ̵ġ

ʺһҲüͷ塣
ǰſſץס֡
ĸܵܿοЦЦīࣺʱҲǹ죬ҷͬһطתԽתԽԺκأҾóذ״Լʱһһǣ֪Ҫֹͣ
ƫеҪҴؿڴ̽ȥڳҵࡣ

ʺסͣɫɲǼҲǲ԰ס

īӣ϶ħˣҲħ
ʺᣬʣôǵۣҪô̶ֿµķأ
ҲԳЦҲûϵҵôֵǮķӡ

üͷšڣҵǾãв顣ͷһʽݣֻͨˣڴˡǣУҲȷֻͨˡ
īҲֵһ㣬ȴ˵ͽǵĵǣĽļ򣬶Щӣħ磬вٷ֣ģһ㾾ˡ
лҪл
ī޸Ͻֽȥ²ض񡣡

ֽһʱ飬һͬԶţ֮īҪħ磬ҲҪͥŪ²
£ǵӸѾˣһֱ߲ߣԼΪʱΪʱī޸ĸҲīָѧϰһľǱ顣
˵Ǳ飬ȴԶڻı顣
벻ݸ̫ӣ磬ҵΪܱ㣬Ҫߣ
ЦãˣҲ֪
Ϊ˺ЦһЦȴЦ

īٶվ£ֱӵǻλᣬ˵ĻҪ࣬һ˵࣬ʲôãһֵñͼĶֻǿǣīޣϾҲǿĶ
ĺܲһ㡣
ܻʲôءૣܾգڴȴҲиĲ⡣

̫ôҲЦֱīֽ
λɾ
ۿҪǰš£ɻã
öˣΪءϵĵЦݣΨС¹硱ֿݡ
࿴Σóöݸ

濴ȥƬƯëɫβ⡣
̫ӳʵǣ
Űɣôܱ㡣

ǽë˵ëͬƬһƬжʹΨԼ֪Ҳȷգī飬أʲô˭Ҳ֪
֣㶣ǹԹԳ
˵ī߳ӡ

˭ҪҸ磿
ĵǣīͲʹ죬ϣСһÿ춼ֺǺǵģԴİɣһҳˡ
ţ
ǰ

īôһ֮ǰ£ݵīǰ͸㣡
ī޽ӵУЦʣö˶˵أΪһ
Ҳ֪ô˵ī޾ܣһֱܵеĺ԰԰ӵ̺죬ˣΨָ԰Ļ㿴
īԿȥ
Ȼ䣬Ͷսī޵֣ѾǺͷīޣңҡ

ī޾°Ļ
㡰ҡ˺ð죬ûҡó
ðɣףһ㲻˼ģ
ͨ죬ﵽʣǿһֱһ𿴱µĻ𣡡

īЦ㲻̫˼΢΢ͷ
ī˫ۣȻԡ
̧ͷʼɵЦ

īֹιıӣ֣ת԰ʵϲĸ
ϲǼҩСʱֵģ
ժ䣿
ȻԣҵĻ˵㣡
īɿ֣߽УɫǸ룬һҲڲסī޵ķɣڲסĴ磬վڻУ룬˵ĻֻҲȲīްɣ

īժ˺üҩҲûעָηɡ
ī˸߻һֱߵǰ
ǸϣۣﳤСƵģ˵ʵҲ迴µĻ

Դʡ
ڣſīأɫ˰
īЦЦͷüģһ䣬ӡ





46  ʮ   Ľǣǲġ

ֱʱ, ҲһֱƮϵ״ֶֻ̬ݣģ

ī඼ʳֻһ, ǧݻŻʳ㵫ԼԵʲôһҪīīҲϰš
಻̫ϰߣӶ̫, ñƵģҶЦ
Щڨڨġ
ùź󣬴ұҪֿ, Ƕԣһ˼ȿףҲͼû˸С

īޡ̫࣬ӻлҪ˵, 㱾Ҳȥ
ҲԽԼѾˣ
գʱ, ī븸¶, Ҳûбܿ, ;ʹҲû˵Ȼ, ҲˡīҲ͵سЦ
жˡ

ʺȴһѽ̵£ҳˣĸĲԱˣ
Ҫ, ĸٱ
ĸЩ˸УֹԹѻȥĸ󣺡һᾭѽ
ʺﰵ͵Ц˵Ļ޷ǾҪīް֮Ļͨ죬ҲֻšʺһСƿ￴ûʲô
ţͷī޿֪õǻȥʱٸ
ŶؽƿС

ī˵껰ǱԻȥ
īֱӴسˮȥƿ𣿡һ£ôҲڣ˭ԡأ
ȥСȸæΪѾ׼ãװģһɡ
ī˵úܺЦЦ
ˣҲͲδǿȥƿ

˵䣬˱ϤĢȺǰ
㻹δվȣʦˣԶϤӰѧǣǡʦƺҲ̸ǵأΧס˵ˣǸ˵ܼˣ˵ŸޱȻȡ
ͷһطԼôҪ༤ˡ
ҪϽȥϿȥī޸æסԸմҪЪϢΪɣǼ˶Ȱ˻ȥ

㳯һӻ֣һģָϽǧȥҶǣֺǺǵˡ

صϽȥӲԺӡ
īޱţɽͷˣī򶨵úܣȻˣīһֱ⸱Ȼ޲ӣȻ˵ػ˵³ˡ
˾䣺ѳɣ
ī޵ͷͷ˵˫ֱ꣺Ǿƿħˣ
īҡͷͷȻ
īָǧݣͷ㣺

ͷŷ֣϶ǿΪͷ룬ҲûȻԴʹҲϣīޡʹҲвʹĺôҲ룬οЦܹԼӵ˾ƿɹֽһ󲽣ֵֻʣ꿤붫
ʱҲɽͷܹЦŴкá
úúãɽͷЦúֱ
īϲԣзۣ֪ͷʲôֵģǲκ˶һ۵ġ

濴ɸ߰Įīۿ㻹Ҫͷɣʱ֮ô˳ҲԵɺϣʱ֪ǺԵʣ߻ħؼʱΪдΪ꿤붫öԪȻͬķӣ֪ڴ˶жһЩ˽⣿
ɽͷšüͷϸ롣
ôҲ֪ģɽúʹӣԼҲ¶īޣұץߵʱ򣬻ǰ˵ﻹ©˸ˡ
īɽͷΪûֵ˵ǡ©˵ħкܶˣ᲻һõ

С˵ҵ¶ɽͷˣÿ£꿤й̶м˵Ϊ֣Щʱ򣬳ˮҲ˺棬ȥ֣ȴŲ˵мһħܽġ
֪һֱˡҲ棬ħ֮Ϲδ֣ͥһ룬ѵ뷨Ӷ˵ħˣǸм᲻ᣬʵ˻

⻰뵽ЩħˡƷҪԣŵþץסī޵ֱۡ
ī޲ɨɽͷһۣļ򣺡ȥ
£ҲҡͷҪҳˣҲµģ
ɽͷЦȷʵԸߣī޼飬鵽ûһȷе֤ݣ㿴Ҳǲ²ǰ㡣
ǡ´мҲº󣬽ʱȥ꿤һ̽ǡ

ɽͷ˵Щ£ɫˡ
ոշԺܶѱڣµҶЧܸ˵ҪīޣҲ˲ˡ
˭£ѹɣж޹˻ΪЩħȥ

Ʋֵӣī֪ǲĵİ취ǸϽ˵һĵ¡
뵽ǰʺס㲻ͣ˵ӣʣǰĸ㶼˵Щʲô᲻㣿ÿʮգǱȥһΣÿգ
˼Ȼֱץû˼˵ĸ˵ЩԼߵĻóСƿݸīޣ۰Ͱ͵ʣĸʲôĸ˵㣬֪

ī޴нӹ|ľζɫ
棺ôˣʲô
īҲ֪˵ʲôźãĸҲ̫ˡ

ƫƫ۾ԲģһΣʲôѽ
īЦ°ͣһֿԱĶ
ңˣҩѾúˣˣҲٳҩī֣պã»ػȥʱ򣬸ĸ󡣡
īȴƿģ̯ƿͲˡ
ףˣסƣȥؿ
ī޳ƽսԺߣ㷽ŹҪ˵ʲô

˵£˻㱨ΧһȦǿѾȫɺɫˣǧݺСȸҶ
īȥһˡ
ǲǾǻģֻҩ
ԡ
ī£ָʾ£Ƚǿ˱飬ָڳһһոպõСӣıģҩһӽЩСīٰȥһ죬ֱӾˮˮĹʡˡ

ֺû֮īֻС磬ʮǿصı֣Ҳֻ˵ҶȷãֱЧǱҶҪãŹ۲ǡ
ʮֺʵҲֻĻҲɫȸİײ޶˵Ҳᷢд˹Ч
ÿҪĴλĴιʱУֲֻҪʮܻԼܳһƬ

Ѿϰ߳ˮҲһЩȸСϤġٶ
ī޵ֽˮճʺɫȸǷȥ˵ر߽ˮߺŸ裬ī޹ⶺˮϣЦŶ㿪ҲīˮǧҲòս֡
һ磬ǶֺˣҲ

īޱȥأ⿪ϵʪ·ŵˮС
Ѿ߳ĵ㣬ΪԼĸ飬ʱҲжô˼˼˴඼̹̹ġˮУǽתصµĺˡ뱴ǣӱ¶еˮΧƣ
ʶڳرīޣĲϴѽر
īҡͷ㼴ɡ

ҲǿϾǰסںӦҲûʲôȤˡ
ˮһȦֱֻ۴ˮڳرߣͷµīޣ˸пÿѽֺ˵ʱ򣬿ԱĽǽ𣿡
ī޲òΪξǶҵǣ
Ϊɰ

ī޾úбҪСһһΡ
֪ЩԽǿɰ޺Խ
˿ʶԣֲ˺ңٿɰҲûϵѽ˵꣬ԾԾԣҿòãֻ㵱ʱǣ
ī޲ȥī޵½ǣòãòð

ðɣϿκбҪɰҲá
ǿɱڡī޶Щֻ
ĳȴȫ󣬻СţҲŲأˣͷ϶ǽҲһǳɰҲգ
ĵˮĽģīЦЦڴУڷ䣬ȻðһԺɫǣƬһէһۿȥǺɫʵʷŰɫĹâǵĶˣʱʱйһ

ۡ㿴ЩԣȫƷ۹⣬ôĴڣֳī޵ͷϣѾҲκ

īȴؽڵǰͳ
ŶŶŶ㻹ֽŵģֺܸɾصؽֽˮݣСȥī޵ǣ˲䣬֡ۡһ˵ǣߴ統Ȼһ
ǣ̯Ҳֻһ
ʱȴԽסпĺƯú

ī޵ĺ˫У۲ת̧һۣջ󣺡
㱻ƻƳסرߣ̽ӣۺϵǵĶˣһɣǳƽذһҲˡ
׹δüۣˮֻһתۣѾɿڳȫˮС

īޣѹǰϺҲѽʪ˾ԡ
ֱԲ͸УǱƵԽԽīޡ
ʱٿǶǣ૵ĺƯ

֪
ţ㲻⡣
Ľǣǲġ
ʲô

ѱ̾





47  ʮ   ϲ㣡

֪ǷΪˮеԵ, ڣֻãεǲ, ЩϢȴҲĻϢ
ľʵ̫٣֮ʹֵǡ
ϴ㿪֮֮δйܡ
ֱī޵ı£㡰⡱, ǰ˯ǰײһСر

ī޵ľٶ֤㣬ʶ, ϻ|||ģīҲδʶһ͸ˮȥ, æ仹˼ݣī޽̳, Ц㡣
̡
īֵʲô, ֪, ţ
˵Ǻ£ֻһֳڱܵӡȻ̧ͷһƣī޵Ƶ, ģģ˵īѾ

ϴСһóԵĶԸĨˡ
ſīֱ|, ˮϸļ̰ɫɻʲôѽΪʲôϻֶ
ϴС磬ûע⵽
˵ӣʮһȻЩ¶Լѡֵܻۣ֮ʲô͸úʲô¶
ҲкӲ٣һǻʺܰӣĻİǣĸҸЩ
ԣĶҲ

ʱԺģҲġ
ֵ˵㣬ʣҵ𣿡
Ǹ޹ģŽջī̲סֵͷ˿ıǼ⣬ġ
ѽ
ī£͸ǲĵطô

ŵӿīȴסֲţȥī޵ġ



㽩ס۾ʹգȴҶȻǺӸŵˡ
īǻõЦ
ͷʱī޵Ҳڣˮֻеˮջ䣬δ𡱣ˮ棬ǳǳ
˵Ȼÿ
㶼ʿˮ
īЦָɪȴˣײҶ
ī޸ԣ֪ˣǲ

֪֪ˡʵû֪ŵҲֻ˵֪ˡ
īֵıӣҲȷŹ㣬Ȳĸҩ
գ۾

īЦǱ˳ӡ

ų˯ǰ㻹īޣŹԹ˯¡
īţ˯ߣֱۣߣѾ𣬺ڷ䣬ޱؿ˯ա
Ĺ˲֪£ĵѹôҰ¡
ǿ±ûĿɰģֹܵɵЩꡣ
ɶ׻ԭиݡ

峿īѾڣǧ죬ӡ
أ˲Ϻˮʡ
ǧݽյݸɾ˵ȥ̽ˮطб仯
Ŷſʼ˹ˡغˮ
ǧСӡӣѾ򶨵ֿظ㴩ѣ㣬ϴӡǼţϾʱʺｻҪŵ
ǧҲã¶ܿù
ڣĿǰСɾƺҲδݡ

ùţ͸ϽȥϿΣٽǰֻͷǧݣղ˯ˣҪӣ
ǧݵͷӦ¡
ʱ˵ҪӣֻæҶʦģֲ

䣬֪ī޻ûлϽǧݡಡС硣
ǧƣӣΪλҪ
Ҳī֪
ǧݶˣЦСҪɾϲ𣿡
ٺ١е㲻˼ǧҲ˵ó׼õģ뼸ԪԼʯСҪʲôģ 

ָһһǣǾ
ī޵Ӹʺī޵ƬǶ᷺⣬īҹ˵ӳʱͷδɢڼϣǸâӳͷػرÿɣ
ôĽɫЩڸ䣬Ҳǰɫ
ԪգԪڿˣӣˮӣԳոպõɫ
ֱӽˮģУΪЩ죬һͳˡ
ֻǵһؼľǺͷĵ̣ûΪ

Ǹӣ˼Ҫôǧ֪С¸ɾģҲһĥϿεʱ͵ˣֻȷ¡
ٳȥǰصذЩصǰǵĢ
ԭֻһ룬īҲĢǺ
غ֮һֱСĢѵв㲻˵ȥ
СĢĢͷҲ˵ôҳȥǶˣҶû˵û˼
ⲻͷʺôǼˣȥ

˵ͼҴҳȥϿΡ
СīԼȥǿ̣ī޾֪ˡߺתȦԼĢͷʹתҿСĢ
ЦһҪšĢԴļƣĢ̲û£СĢ˶
ī޽ȥҵУһ²Ҫ
ôزҴҴģȻҪ
ī޲¶΢ЦֽӸŻȥ͵֪

㲻˯Сӣÿһ㣬Ҳ˳Ρ
ͷͷģǣ붼Уú졢ʯۡ
̽īޣ±֣īεüã㲻֪ӣ˵Ҳûٱסౡüڡ

ԼºķҪˡ
СĵشĥźʯҪǴĥüСҪԲй󣬺ѡѾʧܹüΣⶼԵĵΣҲɹһΡ
ǧסҲ˵Сĵضһԡ
רעɰֽסűʯ˴꣬һмȥٽˮУˮǧȼС£ɹ
ţҲϲɫȴҲ͸ˡ
ҪѱʯͷأӣһֲֻۣҪ̫ǧݸս֣۾գһ£ۼ㽫űʯǶС

ǧ³
Цտ
˲ôϵмӷԶ⣺ÿ𣿡
̫ÿˣǧݵĻΪģÿϾˣ񹤻ͷǴְķܲÿ

ЦջϸԽԽ⣬ָǶԶСǣϣϲ

ƯĺӽװãУȥϿΡ
͸īޣ
Ŀϣȴ˸İˡ

ôˮԸϿεѹ̶㶼ʶϾˮȥȥôˣİݷãΪ棬صȥ˿
Ůӣá
ţ󣬶СС˰ѣ˵ǳüΪƯ
ħŮӣĵ˼£棬ʵãҲϿεô
ŮЦ˫ۣ㿴ȻǰģԴտա

һī޵͵ػؿȻֵīޣֿЦŵŮӡ
ī޺ѰߵߣŮӣϿΣ
ŮЦͷѽ˵ˮλʦأĽǰݷá
īļ򣺡ȥϿΰɡ
λ㿴

ŮЦָīޣͬλɾ
㲻ߣīȴӲƽȥתʹŮˡ
֪ī޲ŲǿŮӣЩˣȥվƬ̣ǾȽд֣ܻԼСԺ

ī޴ߵŮӣʼװűµСԺ̾ɶ칤ѽ֪ɾôԺӣԸҲ̽ң
̬īֱԺӸϣޱ˵ħأ֪ˣ
ҲûкܳԾīϳݣֱЦЦ߳īۣⲻ˵ʱˮһСӸΪ˼ﺦҲҪߣҪ

īϹŰ壬ȫΪ
ؿЦԭΪλСɾѽͿʺޢ־Ҫī޵ļ

ǡþͱ㿴˸ţǶȿ˱һ
ãһӦֱӸˡ

īܵķֱӽظɳȥײɵǽϣʹһϺɫī޵
ݺݿīޣִӺ߳
ЦٻأٶߵīǰԼֱۣɾ֣ײ˼Һ۰
˵

ؼ㣬ī޻ģü¶ɫҲװǵλɾ˺õΪβ֣һ꿤ŪޣΣ
ī޿ɵһҼΪΪҪ֣
㶣ͷһ⣬ʱҲãҲգĸ˵Ҫ˷ܵģ

治˵ֱӣϾҲħҲҪӵġ
ǰˣΪǿã׻ǿڣɾҺҿɾѽ
˵ǽѵҪīϴգȻзϮʶҪк˦ȥī޼ʱסءѵָײɳȥ
ܻػͷȥ


˵Ĺĵص
ûǸˣһ룬ͣ½Ų
ΪʲôҪܣ˲ǱǸŮ
īѽƾʲôҪڵط
㣬ܡ

ī޵ͽġ
ȻһͿǸŮͼȾָīޣʱûմٵһۣ嵽īǰͷ͵лҪ˵
īҲЩԭΪҪЩܺûСһԸˣлҪ˵
ĪǣڣҲͰˣǧҪ˼䡭

ȴóУݸīޡ
ī޸Ҫӹ㡰ջֹԲԣ˳ˡ
īޣ
īޣ֡
ī޼һҪֽ£ġ
Ѿø˵ϲ㣡

˵꣬ѸٽӸīУȴ޷ī޵״̬
ǵģôɵ۵¶ˣ
⸱ģŵץס䣬ţ͡ౡī޵촽

һڣվƽȴֱī§סͬϿ꣬

ᣬǳһš
һߣħĿɿڴؿһĻֱţħһڣ˶Ӷ
ֵǣǲûڸ䣡
Ը䣬Ҳħһˣ

ز죬ү





48  ʮ   Ҫ

ʵ, ү¶ҪܣֲŮħͷˡ
ؼϾ˼Լ͵Ϯ֮, ׻ѡ͵ϮϾջ̫ӵ־볯˹ϣĺ, Ҳ۾Ƶģû֣أԵһ
ص, ѪڵϣݺݵٿһǣСΪ˲ϲѪ, úסԼ˲ʱʧԭء

һʧī뿪Ĵ, ۾Ц, ͷ
Щ, Ƭ̣, ʲôýŵģī޾ѽϲҪ˵˵ī˵˭أ
īޣ˵һ飺ϲ㣡
īЦĺףĶͷ֪ˡ

ۣ˲ʱůůġ
īûз, §ҲֻסĲīһִֻӽó֧¶ޡ֪֮͵͵ȴûȥû뵽¶ر𣬵ȻҲǼΪƯ
Ƽī޵ı飬֪ϲ
Цųī֣ңҸһصظǧݽѧͷҸһÿķ٣ٴ͸ÿ

㻶ϲӣīȴһ
ûнӸ㣬ʵָҴ
Ȼˣ
ǻط
ѽ
²£
룬û

۾Լдһʮۡ
Ŷرۣпʼܸоīޱзʱˮʱ⣬ī޵¶Ⱥܿ͸Щ⡣
ʱƺֱīޱ׹䡣
ֱ̫ˣī޵״ʲôط
ڣʮǰīѾۿ

Ȳۣͼͬʱһͬţǰȫ㣬ɫͷ׶ĸʽδ㡣ЩдСڵȥЩƺ׼ȷ㣬׿
ͷйֱֱȴֲѰİ׹⣬ǽɫλƹâǳɫɫɫĹ⣬յЩҲģ·һһŻƶıʯˮ
㲻֣ȴ
Ȼˮ𣿣
ʶҪͷīޣī

һſڣ߾ͶݣīЦſüβֱָתȦ
īǣֱ֣ǰȥ
ָоǳ֪ȷʵˮУɽŲȥȴҲˮߣǵߣˮΧ࣬ǹĹҲһֱǣƯǡ

̽һֻ֣ˮֱ︡ȣǰȥ
Цſīޣ˵ˮƯ
һȦ³νУЦøˡ
ī޿ҲΪϲͬЦںס
ۡǺ𣿡Ͻٴܿȥ˸ʶȴޱƯ㣬֪ǲīʲôӣЩȫ࣬ĶΣһȺĸΣеƼ⸱°ͶҪõˡ

īȴڴǰΡ
ԼһӺ㷢ǰиĵطǹǽɫĹ⡣
ؿڣ³һȦݣʲôطѽ
īֱƬΣ˲䣬΢죬·߽ĳƵģŽṳ̋ʵء

סվҲֻ䡢ƺûб߽硣һ޴İɫǣǰȥīޱǰߡ
ߵǸ󱴿ǰ룬
ͷīޣī޵ҵĳء

ﾹȻī޳ĵط

ϸīɿֻ֣ݸ㣺˵ҪΪͷ
ԣ
īֱӱ㣬Ǳ£ǰֿʼīͷī޵ͷӲĸ˵ͷӲˣĳҲӲ
Ҳ֪ī޶ǺĮģ˶īޣǿóģ
īֻһЦ뵽
ģůůģʱī޵Ż߶䣬īֻĸꡣ

㾡صѧʵҲǵһͷ飬ץһץģī޻Щģûаѷá
òһɿķ٣ֲǺ⣬üͷ볶һ
ī޵ĺڷ䣬Ƕð˳
۾⡱صɴ󣬾ǺΣգǺ

ҪȥīҲˣ
ˣһ⣡Ҫһ
ī޽ӾٸߣҺ⣬ɡ
룬ӦǴɣȴϺˣȵó֧ԼķСظī޴ϣҪ̫ĻپҪɢˣˮƽʵޡ

Ϻ³˼ۣȻīϵĹ⽻ӳΪÿ
֣ǣʱסϵǡ
īЦ㲻⿴ȥī޵ǰһܱƵľӡ
ī濴žеԼޣܺÿ
ٺ٣˵ͷ汻Щ˼ģϵǡ

ī޼ֻϵǣЦʣٵģ˼

Цţīȴ֣ķ£ڷк£ͷī΢ػ˻Դͷžеջ
ȷʵٴαջ󵽣С֣ǵļ⡣
īһ
ָɪīȴ֣ȥī޻ԾеЦ

ͣ۾ôģоһͷī̫ÿ̫ˣ
ī޼롣
īǣѾԼȥһֱϲǣḶ̌īǲýͣ㱻ѹ֮ǰ۾нǣȫ͸ۣײٿֻëʱ



ʵһʱ㱼׵Ϊβˡ
ֻϧΪʱ~˵֮ǰҲ֪ǻԸī¡
ܣֻ£

ȻҲ֪ĸСƿʲôõˣ
ǣī޾ȻЯ
һ£ʱɫǾȻԶٸలȫУ֮Ϳ㱻īպ˵˵Ļ

ſīʱ뵽Щúܶˣڶװ˯źˡ
ƫƫī޲ŹīĶ䣬Цʣˣ
װ˯ī޵ıǼ⣬װ˯īҧĶ䣬һŵøϽۣˡ
ȴֲȥī§᣺Ĳˣ
ī޻û˵С˵һġ

īЦֱù̡
īƲҲͼСʣǲǺϲ
ī˼
ָϻȦȦȵЩʱī޵ǰÿпޣ뼰
㲻˵죬Ǿǲϲˣ
ī޵ŲͣûټЦϲҲֻϲ㡣

Цտīϣ˵
أī
ֻ˻ȦȦССеϲ
ֻеī޺ܾȣòá
ǣϽ̧ͷȴīм˿֪Լֱ
죬ҪȥīޱסղʣҪ

̧ǼһĹ⣬ûסջȥ
ַʲôλҲ֪ġ





49  ʮ   ɵ~

С, Ӳãɱĸܻ, Ǹиˡ
İгģҲֹۣδΪΣҲΪԼǸôиˡ
ֱһ꣬ī, ־ô£ףǸиˣ, Ҳǵһɣ

м㣬£ī޵£õ, һֱϣٵʱ, ôĵط, īԼĳء
Ҳ, ûκܹĵطī޳ĵط, ׳ˡ

˵¶ôã㻹ǳΣӦúܺ, ܸЩʲǡɲ֪ǻʺҩأȷʵ˺ܴƣ˵ĳ˼
ֻ֮ܿīſãʣҼǵý˵ʱܻغףܻᱻ˷֣ǲǺΣգ
ī޵Ħĺ󱳣֮ǰҵǻָΪ塣
Ŷû¾ͺã

ģһ£ˣŮӣǼԺأ
ӦѾˡ
˭ǲʵͨˣ
īʵʵ˵Ƕħء
ҪǲҪˮˣ
īްסıοǰҼǹеǵĵ̺ˡ
ɿֺʣˮʲôأ
˵ҪҺͺɱޣħ硣ӣʱ֮䣬ûʹס

㵱Ȼ˼ǸŮȻīأƲôƯôôʲôưˡ
īЦܹǲϵǡ
š㲻ģһҪǵã㲻ɱ˵ģʯͷ취ҲŬģҵΪԽԽߣҲԽԽ
~Ҿ͵ˡ
īĻܸˣ˿ڡ

ĥ˻ˣϾҲǴæˣҪȥ
Σûȥī֮Ϊī޵޹Զ棬ʱȥƱҪע⡣ҲǣʵĿǰûбҪ

ָī˸١
־ˣķҲǰǰɿ壬ٲУϵǣԿ䣺ÿ
ī޶Ҫٸ
ǲҪˡ
ī޹˵ģָϽµǲ˼ǹӣ´
ʲôʱ򣿡
һº󣿰£ʮ죿ðɡ죿īԽԽСʵڲСպ󣿡
ī޻ǿ˵ҧҧðɣǾ죡ڷԣ

īɳĬյĲôġáǧݽҲ˵̫Ƶ
ī޲ˣĿǧݻ
ĸ󽻴ģǰҲڶĸҲΪǺõģ
׾ֿɰؽͣīϵ¶Ц⡣
Ȼīڶ

죬ī޸ϽסҴˡɵ᲻֪Щ˼㣿
۾ģϲī
īЦҡͷֽɵ뿪

صϤԺǧƼڳ֣һ첽Żūˣڴһ˵ؼˣūȴҲǣǶˣū澡
ǧߵǰҲ˵һ룬ͷֲԾˡ
ÿźСµ˰˭Ҳȥ
ǧݣ㲻̫˼ī޻תܣȥڣ

С£ǧݶţȥסС£ҪջǱȥˡ
ΪΣ죬żҪȥǿһۡ
ǧεشӺɰóСӣݸС
һգüһüӡӣ̧ͷǧεسͷ
ͻͷīкЦ

㡭ī޾ͳȥīЦŸϽס
ǹģ
ǧĹŮԻ㡣
ϲңʹȭͷīϻӣʵǲСģͬī޶ԣƵġ
īޱЦ߱ݡ

ǧĿСµŽҪֱīɾ˻ȥСµȭͷȥǼȭīɾⲻǵˣ
룬ɾ̫СˣС£ۿĻôɰҲԸⶺ뵽˫ֺʮ˼䡰תæԼȥˡ

ʮ󣬽ϵīޣ˵Ҫ˼һ档
ɣħ磬īޣֻط
īȥ˼䣬Ҳ㣬ĵطڻʹʱЩľԱΪ̫Ӹֳʲô£ң̫ö˶˵ģϴεãҲ˴ɱŷȥʺϾЩֻܺĸ˵

ī޿̫ӣԼļˣԼˣ̫йգΪҲ̫Լˣ̫˵ʱվһԵĽͶ˼̫ӿʵЩڳҡ
ߺ̫ڳȴǳȥ˵
Ҫ̫ӵ˼̫Ҳ㶣λɾҳȥǡ
˵գЦģѾ뿪

ī޿̫ӵıӰüԽЩ֣ǿˣ
ΪᷴȴĬ
īг棬Եֲ԰꣬οǰնԲ㣬һ仰˵ȣǻ£Ҳʲô
Ҳˡ
ǡ

īޣûһܣǸͻȻ·ٵİգǼٵİա
īҲסƬ̣ôٵģҲƲ䣬ҳںף֮ǵĳûκܹð㡣
ǰҲһֱôΪҴûлɹǸտǼٵġ£⼸ǧǸİǡ̧ͷħ£Ҫ֮ãҲнչ㱨¶
Ҳ֪ǵ֮겻£̨ޣЩҲΨ֮ԻҲΪΣݴ֮𣬲ȥء
·ʲô

ī޳ûлӦ
صͷǣûһĻӦ·˯һ㡣
ī޵ҲüΪ֮ͺ˵ĸףԻκ̬Ů̬
ǳٲ£¶棬īѶ겻
˵ĸףʵ鶼֮ī޵С磬īޡ

īޣһǳˡ
ǡ
֮⣬ֻ˭ְܷտǼٵģ
žʳɻ󣺡ǣ˭ı£С磬ͷĢҲãȸҲã˭ƺ㣿

ǵȻܺī޺뵽ʵܺģЩȸЩ֪ЩҪԣˣЩСֻж
ʱΪŲ˼죡СȻͲơ
ֻϧȸ̫޺֮ģΪҲޡ

ؼ䣬һ˱ģ
ī뵽ħЩı仯ʣ࣬ú룬ܣǴ꿪ʼı䣿ҺϸʹɽͷҲǵò̫ȷǧǰħ翪ʼҡ
⼸ǧ꣬Ϊն̬ȵı仯Ʋ֡ƢǺȵλȥú
࣬ǲµòħһвٹϵ

ѷֲԣܻоȡ
ǣλ̫ӡ
īޣ˵ǸǼٵģȷʵаյԪǡֱ룬ﶼգƫƫһԪ񣬶ǣͨͨˣ˶ġ
īҲ¶̣ˣİյܹʲôࣿ

īĺѵļ򣺡¶ߣһзӽֻĿǰв֪̫ӵǲǰգ㻹ĪҪ͸¶ֺǺ
֪Ǳ˴ɱѾܲҡģÿ˼䣬αװúܺã֪
ãϾǴ£¹磬ʱʱκ͸¶

ͷ̫ҲЩʧ䡣
īСܲڵʵλɾҹҲ˵ʲôܶʱ򲻹ǶĬƣ֪Ϊγϲλξɾ²˵Ҳܷɡ
ѣϻǲΰ
̾˿Ҳ⡣
˶˽ܣολɣй¶£Щ˲֪ġ

λɾδҲȥţҲȥС˵˵
Ľų̱ȽϿ죬յʺ﹬ſڣѾ׷˹Сܵ֡

ԣ߸˵ػعͷ磡
˵žȥǰȻ仨΢λԴǰȴױڣС£˵ľУ¡





50  ʮ   һҲ֪

εʱ, ī˵⼸ǧԵİǼٵģȻҲΪֻ֮ϧǰ, ޷ǷֻءȻ뿪ͥЩӣҲúÿţҵˡ
ͷҲ뿪, ȴī޶ס˾ʧǰ
ͷƿۡ

ҡҡλϵʱ, ߵйˣ׷ŵҪֽסȴҲϲˤٶ, ۿ㼴ڱʯϣǰƾճһӣʵס㡣
Ƕ˿, źȻֵ, лǲ˼顣
īü, ͷл˯㣬ʧԭء
Ǽ嵹, ̫֪ɵãôʱԭֶһζǽࡣ

ˣƵĵŽࡣ
ô˺£ʡ
֪ι, Ȼε
ͷ̧ߣǿȥ̧ţֻһĨǵãָֻѾǷŵ£೯̫ЦЦ빬š
̫΢㶣Ҳ¶ЦݣŹһͬȥ

īޱڻʺǰʺҲһλôˣָīߣŵϣ
ī޴󲽽ȥҲ˵ڴϣͷĶͷؿڣȫһ飬üͷø
ʺŵؾסӣΪΣ
߽״ôһ¶

ī޲ԣҲֹȥ⣬½㡰˱飬ɻ󣺡Сû¶úõģΪλε
īüԵʣΪȷû¡
ʺץʣ׷ʲô
̫ҲЩ⣺Ҹսһ߸˵ҪôȻ赹ٽҽ

ԶԶԣ
һӺҽҩͷ󺹵˽˵֮ΪƤֿ̦ҽóĽҲǣȷʵû
ΪλεҽȵС¿Щ飬ҲҩЩҩżɡ
ʺⷬ˵ǣϾǰȷˣ캮ʱ˶վͳҩţѪһʱżʺȫǣѾǴǰ

ȻСտķҽҲãλҲãһΪȷʵûκ⣬īԼҲòͬ۶ϡ
ǧݸϽ˸ʳȥµǾ͵
ǻ˯ɫȴҲģÿȷʵûģ

˵ʺнҽ¼⳼֮Ҳֻ֪龪һӶû£ɿ
λɾڣм¶λ˵
˵

꽫˱Щվ㱨⼸գкü˼ȥ٣˵ʧ٣ʧٵĶӻŮӡȥ̽жٻ˿ڡ
ôһ飬ڣоʮüˣ⻹ǲ鵽ģԭҲʧٵİӣֻЩӴ෢ɽС
ɹǰȥ˷ˣץЩ˿ڵĻӣ˵ץ٣ȴҲҵЩʧٵˣ˻ָϣǶЩ°ġ
ԭȣЩֻأÿʧٵҲˡ⻹ͷһطھǣһӾôˣƫƫǻһͷҲǰҲץһĿ֤ˣĪؾˣʤ

Ȼ˹Ϊ֮ī뵽ǸܴڵġС뵽֮ǰʹǳѣԼһһϵټٰһ£ȵȣһջȦ
ǲµòЩʧˣԼǱħ˶ץȥˡ

ʺǵĶԻεǵ˵¶ɣúϢ
һ죬Ķӣʵ¶̫ˣҲܲܰ
ī޿Ż˯㣬̫óȥ˵ʺֵһѣҾͽ˸ǡ
л
ף˻ȥ˵

˵Ҷ˵ˣްʺﻹǺܵģӰֱۡÿһʺͿӡҲ̫Щ
̧ͷõؿǧݣǧӺߵСɾδݡ
ʺһδݣ㣿
ѹ赹ǹڷݵĺ

ʵʺԩīģںô죬ҲйһζѣɵǣպգϵӡҲŻô
ʺҲϣ˸ãɺⶼεˣܲô
ùŮõļˣ˲棬СûϲΡ
ʺ￴ۣòȻΪ¶赹ʺȥѣȼ

㻹汻ˣԺգգۣǰĻʺĸ󣿡
ˡ
ô
ɵӡʺҲ˵ʵﲻ㷽ڹſεˣ
Ҳͦ𾪵ģڶôˣε

ǲǺܷ
£ҲûкܷʺȴĬϣһ߷ԸǧݣȥǣˡһֽӹŮе룬ĸιȼúòһ
Ҳò鵽еĺ棬ǾΥظܵ˼С

ʺҪιī޴˽ʺƳһۣл
̬ͻĸˣīҲΪ֪òԡ
ߵߣ㣬ʣڲ𣿡
ЦҡͷûвǾأеȼ
ī޳ʺ֣ιɡ
ܾī̬ʵ񣬻ʺҲǲˣݸīޣīڴ£㡰ſ죬ʼιļ
ʺЩЩҪ˵ڹŮֻˡ

㶼֣ߺȼʣĸʲôҪ˵𣿡
ʺ䣬ǿ
㿴ۣৡؾͺˣīҲΪڡ
ʺｫŵøͣҲЩµĸףֻӱݡ֮ԻεҿҲԵʣ
īƢãʺﶼ˵꣬ŵòԣһע⡣

ʺﱾһҪ˵ģ˼ɾôòԣ̬Ȼã˵
ƫƫ㻹͵͵ī޵䣬ο
ʺ￴ˣҲ͵ûī޷֣Цſʺŵģһע⣬ô²ŷ
֪ͺá
ٺ١ī޵䣬һֻ䣬ֺóЦ

ʺ̲סֵĶͷǸӣ

һ뼦ܿȾȴֿҪ󣺡ĸһ
ãĸȥʲô
Ⱥ춹Ҫźܶ춹棬ŴŴٷŵ֣
ʺ˲ʱͺˣ̿ٵԴţĸȥ

ʺȥʱҲ׷׽㡣
˳˾䣺ʲôȥ
ҸȣȺ춹÷춹桢֡
ֺǺǵ⵹ǰʱҲϲͷؽŷ
ʺҲֺǺǣʲôʲôȱʲôҲֻʲôʱջѪЩ㣬ǳЩˡ

˵꣬ʺŹŮŷȥߵһ룬ͣ½Ų
԰
ϲ٣СͲȵʱҪιȵȵ컹Ҫѡ춹ҲͰգǴԺģÿرԵ㣬͸ҪƵġ
ΣԹԺһҪԴǰҪͷӺܶ棡
ʲôʲô
ʺҲЩˣǲ©ˣ
©
ʺԼи룬ѸƷֱǷ˼

ŮǼһҡͷһͷģСĳ
û¶ʺع񣬵ȥĺ춹

ú󣬻ī޸ιģ˵šóԡԹ԰һ涼ˣ꣬ȻԵڶ롣
ʺﲻٰͷܾԼҲҪεˡ

ڹ˯һ뿪ʱʺﻹصؽǧݴϼĺ춹⣬Ըǧÿ춼
㱧סʺֱ˵šĸã
ʺһҲãһҹû˯ԴεģʲôҲǺܾʲô˵ҪʶػǾãȻԣǾͶЩ
ﲻ֪
ûʶԣͷ֪
ʺĵҿһҲ֪

صˮīޱȥһ꿤ôʧٵȵһºпУ֪ж޹Ϊɥ֮ҵħ˼ԵĽͷˡ
ȥɳҪɼ顣
ҪȥˣҲ뿴ҵͬ౻ԴҲҵͬ࣡ңǻӣҲҵְ𣡡
īֻôͬȥֵֻȥ̽һ¶档
֪ҾͿţһ˵һ仰

ҹīޱȥ꿤
Դϴʱ꿤ȦøΪŨײýīȫ뱩¶ִݾߣһͬͣ꿤ǲصĺ⡣
ҲڣīһȦҵ졣
˳أ㿪ī޴Ľ꿤

һȥ˱ǶľŨصѪζ
ζī޶üߵֱӡۡһӿʼŻ





51  ʮһ   ðɣӦ̫ۻˡ

īס, ȴøͣī޶ǰͷ, ʲôҲû³ֻһζظŻȥḧĿڣʣЩûУ
㲻סŲǹѪζ˵, 뿪˵û£һڣζƮ, ȴ£ס죬˵
īޱתС硣

Сﻨ, ī޻Уһ¾ˡ
īޱһͬ£§ڻ, Ħĺ, ſī޼ͷ, 㣬һ, ³˵û¶ˣǴѪζ̫أʵЩܡ
ī޵ͷı, ˵ˣô̱ǡ
̾˶ˣѪζŻôذộһҪЩֵ˭Ǻ
á

ī޴СϢ㻹ҪһͬжīΣܲζ
ѾҵǰСȸҶ֯ɵӣɵԼϣգգ¶ֻ۾ЦŲˣ
ī޴ȥȷûٸŻһͬߡ

ħеĸ˼һضиԷص㡣
糤ˮعϡħ൥ҵСƿħǺöȴҲǿΪ½ǽصġǰ꿤īͷһҹʱƲķ飬ѪζޱأľȳˮƿҪ࣬Щľʺɫ
֪ܽȾɫ
ī㣬ȥӰӣҹ꿤ϡ

Ŀǰƿ˼ĳΪƣеĶУͷҲԶˡ
ˮ˼Ĵ䣬꿤ɽ֣ĿΨиľ˵ĺɫ¹⣬Ʋκεƹ⣬Ҳ֪˶ס
˵ʵЩˣ·ʱ˴ľţץī޵֣ī޸Ҫοߣ԰ɫĹľ֮ƺŵһīޱסϡ

¿ۣ۾ŵõɵùԲһڳһˣ
˵ħǰ˰״̬ԵǸѸٵرɣ׽졣㼴ŲζѸٿʼθīʱס۾˵û£¡
ͷĿһĻô£ֻǷθ
ͬģ뵽ͬ࣬СȸͬҲᱻԣ޲ÿЩҵЩץˡ

ºܿʳϣźˡ
īԥǷǰͻȥѾǸȥɣҲµģҲûŵѪζ
۾ī޵ǵͷ׷ˡ
һ·ڳԣǷ֣ܶ˶ˣ໥ԣ
ī֪ˣѹ꿤ɽƵģΪЩ˵ţΪ˳ˣҲΪ˲ĳԣʱ޿̶ڳԣ

ǸŵˣܿҲ֣ǽʤ
ˣ̻ţҪǰ˿ڣҽĿĶһ˶ð£αشʱɱ
⻰īޣī޵ͷ
ǻˡ

˼󣬹Ȼûлԣһͬɽȥй⣡ָǰīҲˣڿ˹⡣

һ鰼ȥĵأɽΧƣԽԵõ͡
кΪϣȴҲڲסͷĹ⡣
ͣں֮⣬ôȥīһȦȱڣȴҲţﾹȻ꿤Ҫɭϡ

ԡϱϾöħԪģ½óŵӣл˻Σʯͷ΢ǰĺԾԳȱûκ쳣δ˷֡
㾪ϲؿīޣīЦԴֱ֣Ӵȱ߽ȥ
һǰ˿

ΪЩ˻ʱȥʱûԣ֮ڵĻͷȫȻͬ˼䣬һԲεĵأƽ̹뻹˻ѣ£ǿΪϡϵŰŵľǻ˻֣Щֻ¶β͡䣡
µǸʲôطۿǾò̡

ʶҪǰˣײͷȥôʥأʱˣǲܿ죬ǰһ·˾ͱץ˽
Ǳʣʼɷָʹȵȣʹ֮󣬾ͱǷֳˡ
ò˵ôʥأҪ˵һǣ
ȥ

ī⻰Ҫˡ
ȴһôī޻ͷ
ǣҸǣѹʧˣǱץˣָһϹŵʮˣСʱǻ̹轣
īϸȥ˱ץˣȴδȻǻʹĴ硣

סҪȥ˵㣺Щ˵ĻĿǰЩˣҪȴһºĿСԽ˵ɱħѲϵȥҵ޵ϳҵͷ˲ǣܰ磬Щ˱𡣡
֪ǿϤ˱ʵ̫ˡ

ƣпסÿˡ
Դħ磬ֻᱻ֣ܱǣھǳȥ֮ǰǲ

ī׷ҵ޵ϳȴûмޱˣ˵ڱչ
ֻ˵޻˳ˣ֮뿪
ԭ˵
һǸɵ˹ǴҲ֪ǳǹ˶Ի˾ǴȴԸôչأȥŪǳǣ
ʱǶ֮ƿ³ǸСҲ֪ǸʲôƢԣһ²һ£Ǵ̸֮Щ
ߣҲǣʱħ˶ΪǴʳǸʲôǹǴǰ

ˣСԭҪνУȫԾһΪ޶ôϲŮΪء
ôħҲйĶǣοǡīԳس˳ǡ
˻ħֻҪ飬ⲻЩ
֣ī޳ЦЦ

ڣСһ
СһｫǸںɫ̶˳֪ѵػţȻġ
ҲΪСһԸЩʵϵҲûеǡ

ε˻ǲ࣬ȥһ˼䡣
ֻϧ˶ֲ̫ԸҪɣץףʵ˸óԡ
˳ԾͲˣ
֮ȥȥ
ȥɣ뿪Խ½Խ࣬ñô
˵
˱˵߻ڡ

ī뿪꿤ִӽȥȱڳ
ؿǼλҵĵط̾ӣ죬˼Ҫʧˡ
ǣܲ
ţ㿴ǲֱȥ˼ɣǾţҪ˭ҸǽͷǸһҲɱҸ֣
ˣ˵ʼٸߡ
ī޵ȻҲץס֮ǰī޻Ǳ˳ˮļҡ
֮ǰ㻹ǵúúЪһ

صУī޽ҿɴһȻɫɷ׵ģɫܲõģ
ī۵꿤һֱɣ
ٺ٣ʵܴɴǻŵһζΪ˲θ˵ʱҶ
ī޽㱧أúţȥǧݸԡ
á
ʱҲٳܣ꿤һҲͻãصϤĻǽůˮУȻͶȥֻۣۺۡ

еˮС磬Сеˮīޡ
īصһУ㶼ϲϲȴûĴģ·͸ûˮС
ˮ뵣֪Ϳڳر˯ˣиģӰײС

ؾѣͷȥī޲ûнڻֻԼ
ӡ๾ࡱؽУӣöδˡ
أһ٣ͷȥӺö˶˵ģԼĴ
ɿӾȻֶһ£ڿ飬ָ˴ӣֲˣƤҲûκ͹𣬺ðɣӦ̫ۻˡ
ٶҲɣ





52  ʮ   ħˣǻغ׳ס

īޱԸǧ, ȥ㡣
˼һֻͷǧ߽ŷõǸСĢ
, ɾǧ׼ݺõĺ춹ˮȡȥ飬Щ졣
ô
ҪС
ԡ

ǧ΢΢һ㶣͸Ͻī޲лع, Ц룡ū
ôīûԹԵǸͷһˡ
ԭΪǶôѵһ, ǧݴ¸˵˱飬ˣ춹Ҫ붼ʦͨǧɾⶼ֪ɾ
īЩԶԣ춹Ӳ, κ棬ٴ⡣
ҪֿţⲻǼ򵥵һ£

ǧֺõЦ, һԸ, ī޵ޱ, ж
С¿Ǽ˸ɾţδǻ, δæµʱҲΪʺ³ģ±µǻˣҲͻʺһ, ۺ֮á
СɾȻҲѽ

ǧԽԽԶ뵽СҲһӲźʱȻѣСӰô

֪Ů뷨ī޽һ춹ã뵽ϲԣֱӾͶŹȥˡ
òУԵˣڳҲҪīιīϵĹӿʼԡ
㣬С̵
߳ԣҺöӶֱУ
ī۵ؿԣΪǰϾֻǷܸ֣֮ȻйΣÿζͦãƺͦΪӡ
¶ǹЩ˵ɣСһﻹǵúúš

¶Щʣ˽Ϊһĸо̫óҲΪϲÿζסʧ૽֡
ÿʱԾԼֻͦ
ǵüأ׽Ϊ²ųɣǰҲг׵ĸơ
뵽ī޿ڵħˣǻغ׳װɡ
ȿȿȿȿȣ
ī޸Ͻĺ󱳡

ҷӣ߿Ա̧ͷī޺ЦŵˣǣԸ⣿
ôãɫÿЩʱǺϽҡͷǲǲǣҷǳԸģ
īޱЦ˵⣬Ҫԥһ
ΪʲôҪԥ֣ҲŲҪԥҲҪ֣Ҫ׵ѽϲ㣡رϲ㣡

ī̾
Ϊ̾㲻⡣
ī޸Ҫ̾̾ǣôôϲ
ıӣʱĸʡĸͬȥ񣬺òã
Ե
Ȼ
ھѾʼ˷ˣҪôƯĺ׳ףҲһ𿴵ľɫҪڼǵļ֤ºʹ

ùӣҲˣֱĶֿʼ๾ࡱУīްιżԡ

һҹī޼ûجΣûٶֱУɫҲδٱɷףŷ
գһͬ˼ʹ
ǰŸյҲˣīһۣīǰյнչҲ˵ʱ

Ҳ֮īȴ˵꿤ĳ
ԣǲ˼£ͥ¶ץҪֱӴġǾ˺˰ǰ¶Ǿţ׵˭ǽͷڣл˶ץˣ
ǿ㣬ʣǷҪЩʲô𣿡
ǰһǣƲŻ̹Ȼжɱ¶ţ⼸˼䣬ʧһ£Իῴ˱°Ҳģץֳɵģٽǰ˸ߡ
ã⼸Ϊʧ̫࣬ұҹڳѲߣʧ٣ܿϢ

ǼƬ̣ŸԷֿͱʺ˸ˡ
ϴε£̫ҲûۣԼ鷿
īûˣҲ˵磬˶˵

ǰһ˽չ
ͷЩһȥѪΣ׷ݹǧһʮǰĳʱ䣬ڱչءǶʱ䣬ȷʵ뿪ͥΪħҡ

ī޺ͬҲܵİգȴòͶˣɽͷĻħǴΣǧǰ
ƶϣǴȥΪ˽飬֪ʲôԭ˱˵ĵٻͻ˸ˡЦ
ͬݺһ㣬Ҫݺ㣬ǿ˹Ҳץ
ֻ֪ǣҺܡǧ꣬ҾȻһٵڹԹǿΪķ˽࣬¼ᡣ

ɣûԪֻһδεΪˣҲˡȻǸٵİһֱģҲһֱ뷽跨ɱһܳɹ
ૣûзЩ֮ǰǧ꣬λģ
ī򣺡ǰɣҪǶذյԪǣ硣
ãǸٰյȥֵʲôݶ֪

ʵڽˮ棬ܻᶼ׵ġ

룬ܿͷΪ˰գ񡣡īҲǺܻˣҲֻܾ
һ֪һȥ󣬻취ǵĸףֻ֪һࡣ
Ҳ̽˵ε¾ܷ
ͷһоڲС

ʺ⼸ƤʹһҲ֪ǺûǲãĶڵ㡣
һһɫʣĸȥ
ʵǰճԹһҲīģ
ЦҡͷҲ
ʺ˿Сȥٿ壬ʹǰһģͳˣ˵ô̫˼Ȼܣ

ܺú˵ȴյʺǰĸ󣬴˵¶꣬Ҫȥף
ӴʺҲˣҪȥﰡʲôǺںģ
ŲأƯˣĹ߷ǳ͵ģкööƯ㣡
֪ô
ȥѽ

ʺ󾪣㾹Ȼȥˣ
ѽҺʹһΡ˵Ͻס졣
ʺѾˣЦ۾гߣסһ࣬Ҳģɾȷʵá
ٺ١㺦ֵ⣬ͷֵ˵ǳ׵ʱ㡢ʺ͸綼ȥ
ģҲȥ
Ȼˣ
ʺﵱȻˣ˭ľɫأ

ĸ鳩ʱĳʺȥһҪѡʱϲˣ
˷ܵ÷Ҳû˵ϳԣԸ˼ġ
һʺиֱͷĵòܸˡ

ҹӴīϣСҶ
ʲô
Ҳ֪ʲô
īޱֱתС硣

Դϴ֮ī޾˼ģ˼֮󣬿㻶ϲصӺ࿪ʼԵʱ˲䣬ҸУֱԱ
Ŀǰ¶ǸԵġ
벻

ã֢֮ˣٲѪī鲻ǡ鵽㣬ûԣȣʡ
ã

ī޾İһзǰ
ֿʼ࣬ī޵¶οЦݡ

תգʱʧ٣һƬī޶һ죬ʺ㡣
ŵʱ򣬿ŮʳУ߱죬˵յصȥ˵úܣţǶҪֱӽл
ǰ˳ʮ꣬ڻϺӣװδʱǹѣһֱΪ·أ¿ɺˣ֪˻Σ
ɫ˵θҲãһֱҪԵġ

ԭҲī޽Ųһ١

һЦӾģù˵ﻳ̫ӵСʱҲˣͻȻθڴ󿪣úܣʲôԣܳǸ

ī޵˫ѵ΢ɡ

˭˵أŲûζ
ӴӣȻ㰡ϺģǶѽ

ī˼ؿ˽ݣٳŽȥ֣Ǻ㣡
īǰ̰ɫǰĻҪһ׽һ׵ؾͺȥ¿ĵȻˣΪŮ仰Ϲء

¶붼û
ĺӣûг
Ҫĺиӣǵͷһŵ
ҪӣŻĺӣ͹ˡ
ңƽû˵ӵġ

Ͻ뷨׵Ժ󣬱ֺú㿴ŵ㣬ͷҲѴۼ㿪ĵغĻʺҲǳ׵׵ȷϣȷ





53  ʮ   ˹

ӵľʧ, Ͼӽ£궼ѵ£аҲĻ̻, ǰҲкܶվΧھ׸ſڡ
ת죬٣ʧʱܿȫǰվͶ֪ˡ
׸ſֵöгƵģ, ˵ҪϽϱ£Ǹ˵ϳȥȫѲģЩԾȥǼ˼ҿֳȥˡ

ĿǰٵֻĻ˼, ʵʽվһ˶ʮˡ
ֻǳ֮⣬ʮȫǻ¥Ůӡ¥⣬ֶޱȰҶ˯, ʱδ˷ֶѡ
ӿʱī޼̾׷˳ҲҪŹ
ԴǣҲҵ£ҲԼģҵΪרſЩħˣ

⵹ʵ, īԼҺҪ, Ҳͽˡ
Ȼ, ͺˡ
Ϊǹֱ¥ȥˣ

ھǳȴ򱻼˱ú, Щһ֪ʼΪЩƯĽǶڴ˯Ҳû̫ܲãܿһɹɺνʮƯߵġ
㾪ȣôֱ˼ץˣ

ǿȥˣī޾Ҫǰ, ȴ
ͷīޣīüͷ
ôСʡ
īҡҡͷֱӽᱧ׷Щܹȥ

Ƽߵķ۾һȥģ壡ĸ˵ܾСʱ¶ˣĸҲ֤ݡ
ʮɺȻһͬǾ׵УǷٸϣʮŮӱһ˶һЩһɣһӷȥ
īޱȥվݶϣۼǺûﴲϵһڡ


Ȼ
ƣǱˣħˣ
ī޿λ˵Ӵ߳ӣǹѺ˶ʮ˵ȥغ÷ţָƺҪʲô־Ҫʲô£Ҳû룬־ȥֹ

ûáīס֣һǻ˳ȥȻһҲûУûã˦ЩʧӰ١
㲻صͷƣΪʲôûã

ȴӿӽΧͬʱֶһźźͣȦУ㿴˶·ҪȥϽ˦˦ԴŻָ
ֽһ۶ԽԽеڽ֡
ܿ죬иɫӰ˳һϳǸ޵Ļ
ԭͷ

㵱ȻۿЩ˱ߣֳǸճĻ֣áڻڣԱХҪӣīްһ֣ñ齫ǻýʵʵġ
ûڵĺѾѸٸƺҲҪܡ
ī޲֪òöʱಡһһɫĹֱӴڣסͬʱҲס˶٣ʱԭػΪС

գգۣûŪʲô
ࡣīѾڡ
ĽɫӰȻվ˼ۻڵصͷīޣ
ˣʣ˭ѽ

ɣް
˵ָָ꣬Եźʵ͵˰ԪǵˣǸ˵һ֣˵Ǹ˵ķ𣿡
ԣҺī޶ܸܵźаմǰϢ
ѹץסֻôҲǺҲħˣ˭ħĲֻǼ𣿡
ЦҡͷҲ֪

߸ϣ˭ЩνСȴҲСݵĽѵ

ʵû٣ֻǲ𣿡
Ӧǣʱۣû٣Ҳܻ֤ݡ
Ҳ̾ʣǣʵǻˣǹ⺦ҵ𣿡
īԴ˼ǰ뿪ʱδáֻ˵ζͶȻܱħãҲ˼ߡ
ͷЩӡ
īҪοѾֿЦԣҸкܴĿǰඣԣҲҵļඣ

ȻѾЦѽ
ò˵õЦݶ˷ǿѼġ

¶ͺðˣ׸֪ʧ٣ȥ»㱨
īޱ˼˳ǻȺУЩǱ¸°ߵģ֮ҪһֱץŮӣΪҩУ˵б۵ġ
⻰һǻˣǸˣȨƣҲԴ޹հǴΪʱ⻰˽Ҫȥ
ѸīͨҲӣȥѸ
ѵʮʧӣ߲ץŴʱаնƽкá

˵źˣҲ֪˵˭ȷ˵ȷǺ֮ˣ˵ȷħйء
֪ȥŬ룬Լļ⣺᲻ʵǧǰħҲһִٳɵģǴ֮ħĹؾˣɱż
æħˣ͸ħ˳ԣҲΪǿħûһֿܣħǿǸˣҲᱻ˳Եѽ

īҲƶϵģС
ٺ٣Ŭ˺ܾ뵽ġ
࿴īޣĿģȻӵħ磬ˡ
־֡
˵īԴ
ǰĿʯͷħ𣿡
ܷǲ֪һִɢħ磬ִʹǺ϶ΪһȻܱȷֺá

ī޵ͷϿ϶ҪϣϺϣܱϺá
ֵһ£ǰ˿û뵽һͷҵֱʣױ¶ħ£СġˣϻȥǶ֪ҲСŵ
á
ǱסĻҪߣħͥУЩ֤ˡ

磬㲻ȥҸ𣿡ʡ
סҡҡͷֱˡ
תͷīޣΪʲôˣ
Ǿ硣
룬С˵̾£ֲġסīޣҪŬһҪøָԭݣͽһ𣬷ֿǧꡭҸֿ죬ҶҪ޵ġĺÿ

īޱ飬ξ˼ˣ˵ױ¶ħΣռ
⻰һʱЩٿĿڡ
ĥƬ̣ڶı˵ˣλصħ磬ΣգǸڰòã
ã㽫ī§øԴʹī޵ĻС

֪ˣī޻̾˿ֵҪٲܺܣ¸ϽС硣
ã

¡ʺ̫Ӳ֪ⱳ£ͥ˺ܶĶ£˿ڣҲ¶ʺ븹£ѱΪ˴
˶ܸˣôǱ˾ĳ
ֿʱҲδʺﻹ˽˵Ļ˵´ʱϲͻˡ

صˮһƽ
ޡЩ˵ûǱ֮˰йᣬīΪûеģǿĺ̨Щ˲硣˵ˣҲãҲգӰˡ
īÿձǱ꿤ЩڵˡһֱûбԣӻڵȴһºĿСȥ˼ȴδ飬Ҳûħеȥ˼ץħѵõƽҲʵʵġ

ֿʼָǰƽ
ÿϿΣµʱڼڻݲݡ
ǰʮȫˣʮȫΪɫǿҶǿ˰ٱǧݣԺ˲ٵѴ㣬꿤Ҫؿʼڳˮƿ

֪һ±ѹȥ꿤ȴͻȻ˹ȥƿصСȸ˵ħ޳ˣд뺯ҲȥμӼպпС
Сȸҵ󣬸Ͻ
ī޿뺯˵ŵ˻ھƿֱӵǣǻȥ
ǣСȸȥ𸴡

ī޵׼ٴҹ̽꿤ȻǲҴȥ
Ҳ֪ﶼΣգԹԵĺȥңæһ࣬衣
ī޸ԵģҪʲô
ҪָͷɻۣҪ
īްšü˵ҲûʲôôˣôȶȲⶼʼҪˡ
ֲĶӡ

ÿغСӶЩĹĵģʵܿɰīҲЩԡ

㱾ݵģ鵽ߣͷȥסӣ˼ǲǺ̫ˡ
īǺô࣡¶Ⱥȹ˵
Цҡҡͷȥ

ɿͷִӣ֪࣬ǷԼе֡ǰ³̫࣬ĶҲĳѽ
ڳرϣֻûƣ֪˯˹ȥ

ī˯ŵ㡣
ԵɵɵģҲīЩľۿˡ̲סĶȥһƵסӣСûб֣
ī룬ǵ˯ˣٺúÿ

ͷĶͷЩ˯ҡ
עⰲȫ
á죬ī޲Ź뿪

īߺٴСƤૣ̫̰ˡ
˵䣬˯ˡ
˯ʱû˸ҽţīΣգصظĢ˺üĽ硣
˯𣬲֪йɺĿĢ

īǿĽ磬ǹɺҲţźֳģ״Ƕн⣬ī޵Ľ絽ûɺ
˳ڣֱӳȥ
ֱֱ㲱ϵħ֮ʯ

һͷȥҪƤ˲䣬ѡһ죬һǺ˳ȥ״Ǽ̱㱻ɢʧͬʱĳΪ֪Ľ³Ѫ

ȴֻ֪Ƿ˸죬ˮ˯øΪ̹
ˮ˯
ʧŵǲȴδʧ
ûʧԽԽ࣬ʱһءɢˣˮ棬𣬳ֻϧƼ

иŽɫƵİɫС䵽ߡ
˹





54  ʮ   üһ

ǸرƯĵ
˼õĹҤҲղôƯ, ״Ȼǽɫڷ⣬͹, Żֵᷢı漫⻬
ƯĵԹġȻ˯֪أƲûսСǲģֹ˳ȥ, ˶٣͵, ģ㻹ûа㷴Ӧ

СٹȥøԶ, øٶȡࡱ͵ײġ
ָڶ˶˯ŵҲЩԣָʼ, ٱøС, ֹԹԵ, Ҳûɫڲʱ, ·úܡ

ī޻صˮʱˣ֪ˣһˣ˲ϲǿﲻϣ
ֻøСС, ָ©ȥصײŵʯǳʵȥɫâȻһͨʯͷƲ
ī䵽棬üͷ塣
ؿۣߵһǣȥǰյԪ
ȻյԪһϡ


ɫ䣬˲ߣͷȥö˶˵˯ˮУ˿û뵽˵ô󣬾Ȼʶû뵽㣬ĺѣĽǲֹա
һΪ㲱ħ֮ʯ
ˣȴûߣûмӺ㣿

ī޳˼ڳرߣƷСƤϣΪ˺Լ˺ܾãʲôҲûС
룬Ȼ̫ࡣ
˵Ҫƣ»̲סСһ˼Σ̫Եʡ
ī¶ۣˮбԺۣ
šī޵ͷ΢Ĵꡣ
˳ʶ̽⣬īޱף߱ϡ

ī׻ǰŽУ˹ȴֹߣס䣬ѭܵૣҪǸǸܡ
īСһԼޣ׻Сһһͬ׹硣

İ׵ϽƵˮȥˮĵҺԼҲвصúúõģǱǸ˷֣һҪԵģ
˶ĺÿ°
ӵһҪŵԶ߸߷ɣ뻵ԶԶģ

һӡӣЩӡӣٴηʡԼĴǰ˰
̾Сһףȥ
˯Ƿīӣ𴲵һ˾īޣֱ̫

ףף㳯֡
īЦŸȻȴȥָ꣬ιˮһֱûٺ١ɵЦ
īššıӣԼУǧݸͷ
Ͼͺá
ŶӦȴе֣ôͻȻͲأ

ǧݸͷã˶Ưⱦڣȥŷ˹
˭ϣŻȴī޵ֱۿʼŻôЩѽ
īǧݵЦȫסī޸ĬĬƸǵĶϣǰ㶯ҲûаΪУͷβ˱飬ûУﶼûУ

Ѿī޻תܡ
Żûáī޸Ͻ
˲ˣѸûӰ

īޣ

ī۲һ죬߸˵ģû˿Щš
ǧݼüͷ˵˾䣺ʵСԭȳԵþͲ࣬Ҳ³Եöѡ
ī޲ŻȻ򣬲㲻ǻָѣⲻͦã

û㵣ǣī޼꿤볤ˮ֮䡣
͵ԺֲǧݹȥţҡҡͷҲԼ԰ɣ
Ĳѽ
ȻˣС£æˡ
ǧݼо֪Ĳ˸ūȥѸţ
ԣԼûģ
ǧֻСôֱøÿѽѵӡйأ⵽Сµ˽£ж㶼ðҲ룬Цȥ

ԺʣˣסºȻסӺмŰɫŽɫƵʯͷͷЩ΢̾Ưʯͷ

˫ḧƯҲޱȹ⻬δƯʯͷ
ͲϵĺɰʯͷŵɰУԺҵ

ԭΪڼᰲȫЩȻīȥʱԴ㣬ǷԼȫ
ī޵˼ǣġ
ûɹ¶ǰͦ˷ֽŵģ֮󣬾ͰЩˣȫڶľɫ֮С
ǵģīҲû뵽ħﻹһط

Ůħͷصĳֱɾɽϵٲֱ£Ȫˮˣ̨ͤ¥ɴƮƯŮӴС䶫Ҫ֪ģ浱ɾ
ϵǿɫħ֮ʯֻǲ֪ʲôӰѺ˰׵ġ
ǰҵؿЦֻƯ㡣
ȷˣֻŮӣûӡ

ӾԵøۣܿͱʽƯǸΧס˶úãЩŮħܿóΪǳǳ˿ͷ˵СܵܺÿɰǸŸīԼסַģҹ
ܿЩֲסͨī㡣
ܶΧѽôһ㣬ŮħǸˣ˵šܱܵߡۿžҪ

Զ翶ЩŮħվ׷׺Ůʱˣķ򣬸¡
īü̽ԴؿȥȻŰɫٶأһɫ£ƮɢܣЩŮħУֱӽٰ
ȻҸоҲǳã¶⣬صÿס䵽ǰҲڻС

զ࣬īޣŮħͷΪʲôҪװŮһ㵯ɳȥͿѪء



һʮΣɫֱ䣬ЩŮħǾҪץ汳ģȫˣԭֻˡ
طӣ֪Լ򲻹ûҺᣬЦʣλôҶҵòգ̫ңң

īޱ飬¹죺պҲȥ꿤
غôѲҪ޺αؽ¸ң
պĿУֽţóȴħԾ˺޻˲ȫɣһͳħ硣
סЦһ㣿

˵꣬īһҲӣ§סҪߡ
ͣתϵǸ㣬ʵûôƯԺҪװŮˣװҲġ
صɫʱͱڣߵİҲ˺ͷīˡ

ðɣʵŮħͷȷûԣСҲǼǳġ

طΪɣ䵱ħҲֻЦɱ㣬Ҫġ
Ȼ˵ˣ򲻹
վԭأһڣһ׵ģǱɰ׵ģֵһŮӣ˵Ǽ٣ûпҪƭң
ˡֱԣ˵Ϊܿޣ
ֵҲǡ

˼Ƭֳ̣⣺Ϊƽʱн޸˶ٺôûңܽʱڽ£
ľҶ𱨣Ҫңպ󣬼£ȷʵңҾƴħҲҪקңûţ
ߵŮѣ£µǿǼλɾһᡣǰúãû׼ͥҪһء
⻰Цŵͷۿɼرˡ
ߵ˭һͳħ磡

һŮħͷ黹ĺõģС´δɹ¶ҷʡһ£īޣǲЩѽǲǲöŮ֣
īֱɰˣѹֻʺ콫һͨࡣ
§ס㣬̲סҲͷú࣬˵ŮħͷǲŮģǻ˵أ÷ǳԣ˭㲻ʹ죬㾡ȥû˸Ҵ㡣
Цͷţ˭Ҫ۸ңҪȹأǶ򲻹㣡

īûɶ˵ģֽһѡ
ֺʣɹ𣿡
㣬һϹ
ֻ
ǡ

ħô˺֮һֱû֣ΪǶħԣħܣҲŻңôꡣ
īͨպ󣬳ǳʱֱͥɹץţʱصħ֮ʯˡ

Ȼǳ˸С⡣
һ޻صعӭīޣǳذǴȥŮħͷˣҲ˻˵ΣҼֲ֣ȻǾ¶
üȥģī޶Щٶˣס۾
μеģħͷ޷ϣпС
Щŵͱ͵ǰϴζʮ˵ûбħ磬ڳ˻һ˷ֵһ

īҲֵһˣ̫
Сʱ򻹽й硱ҪˣЩȻţȻʶѱƣ˫ã
˵ˣʹлڣǻΪʹжУЩħǶΪ˷ܵòС
㲻¶ڣͷ˵

ԵħǶæŴԼֵˣ˷쳣޵Ƿˣز󣬽ճԼ˭ҲȥλƿħӵΪǿҲΪ塣

ڵһҪʱȻ콵ףҶһ׷̧ͷȥֻɫϱ鲼ɫ׵磬һһסѡ档
ƽЩħǿ˵Ҳ£ΪǴûɡ
̫ûнٹƬأ粻ǰ
ĳ죬ʱ˲嵽ǡ

Ѿֱмħ
һƬңħ׷׻ҵܣӵˣ
һֱڳ룬ͱīޱʱҵúܣû˷ǲ

شʻǽ𣿡
īҡͷ

īЦǺЦþûˣɱīޣ㲻ҪЦ
ŵˣ
Цһѹѵǲǽˣ



޻ǱЩֱӴˣЩҲͳħ磬µħŵţӵӣԭأһƬǽĵ棬Цó졣
ߵŮħǷ׷׹ϲӯӯϲµõ꿤ϲһͳħ磡
Цǵһⲻгˮƿء
ɾкγ
شЦţּİװŮˡ

ˣŮħͷ𣿡
īԳӰ
š
㱧īޣĲҪ̫ѹ
Ҳ˵ѹħգѿһСԭˣôСһｫģ˶ʣͬ࣬ûȥɱǣϾ֮ҲҪٵ˾硢סȵȡ

īޣĵǺĹ̡
ԸΪ˽¶ʹתκ⡣
뿴ͬϣŹЩˣҲûٻغ׵Сһ￴ֵ¶

ƫƫӹһΣ˼һ飬ҪŪ

Ȼ˵Сӣ£ǰ֪޻Ǳֱˣ޵ħ֮ʯǵīС
֮ηӦʱǺ󻰡

޵ħ֮ʯɫīҲ˽صظɽͷ˿
ɽͷΪħһģʯͷݺᣬֱ˵ħǰ㣬д䡣
ͷ棬㽫ǿ»õʯͷҲϵԭȵǿʯͷϡ
ꡢ䣬˵ǸɫҲˣһо˵˳ۣ˵ǾƯ뵽ԭħɫ
ͷ˫ֲпħоȣҪ

Ҳͦпģ룬ħ绹кܶ˵ģЩµȷġ

ɽͷѸ߶Ƚ˺üҲ˿ϣʶɰСʯͷȴǿյġ־վԼ°ҡ
ôˣīңʲôˣ
һʯͷرƯʯͷһֱںɰģ
ʲôģ
ԲԲģر⻬ɫ滹нɫƣررƯʯͷڵģһֱںɰģΪʲôˣҪˣرϲʯͷϲȥԲôͺȻأ

īȴסʣɫƣ⻬ԲԲģ
ǵģǻתܣܻǰڵǿʯͷĵطҡ
ī޶˶٣ԶԶأѾɫ䣬Ȼиɫʯͷڻعȥ

ǰС׵ϲõĽ⣬кֱ

鵽īޣסʵ⣬ֻ
ܰСʯͷ׷ȥ

īе˾䣺üһ

ī޴ǰվס





55  ʮ   ǵ󡣡

⻰, С׵Ҳװ÷ɿ죬úɫĽ
ޱ, ʯͷǳɾˣ죿ܵøȥ׷Сʯͷ
ܵúܿæˤһӣī޿ܼǰס˵һΣվס

˵ͷؿ, վסѽ
ī޻˵
ûС׵ǹ÷𣬻ʼꡣ
ҵСʯͷŻȥ׷, ī޽ȣվţȥû
ã

ī޼ߵС׵ǰС׵ӣͻȻ겻ȥ, ôܣתǸ˵Ľţ
С׵ǡžߴڵϣ, װ
īЦ, , ָҶǵ, ˭֪˭
С׵ΡΡ
ī־͸ʱĽ


ء

㿴ľǣ»մҲڼǿŽС׵
̫ˣҵˣҵСʯͷ
ⲻСʯͷ㡪ī˵һҲˡ
ʲô̧͸

īԭ˵, ҵĶӣɿģٿһ棬˵ڰ
ī޿ǵʱС׵һæȥӣ£ġϵЦСʯͷǲĳɾˣ
īЦЦ˵پؿһĳ

ĳж£ΪСʯͷڲͣ㽫ƾٸߣŵǰϸ
ɾ˰ɣޱϲáī޵˵꣬Ҫ̧ͷ졣
𡭡ܿȻܳɾҲѽһǴСģȥ裬˳Сʯͷϴϴ

˵̵꣬С׵ˡ
īۣ֪ǷС׵쳣ҫ۵Ľ￴˵УССһ·ڶ˵һغϣ

ī޵ºȻޱ꽫ӣǸʯͷأͱȲˡ
ʯͷ֪ϲˡ

ֱҶ룡

ī޲аǸ˽ȥѾԼ||⣬ڳȥʱīЦ·𲻾һ㣬߽ȥ˾䣺Цʲôء
쿴СʯͷԼˮϣ
ī޿ȥ˶ˮևNɪˣָȥͣŽ⡣
īޣ
ǲǼ˼ģ

˼Ҿҡī޵ﻰ

ī޵ŻСһأī΢Цڳر£˳˾䣺治ֿɰ
Ҳôã
ٶ˶ϣôҲԸٶ

ʵѾСʯͷü죬ÿҲãʱҲͷһأǰôԾչֳɾʡ´سҲҪ|һ˯
СʯͷŵߣתصƻתĹҲڰװ׵Сϣǡתһϲ⣬鲻ԽСʯͷСʯͷѽ
СʯͷĹƺڻӦأ

˵Цֻߵīޡ
īüӡ˸ǣ
ѽ
īްãܿı˯ˡ

ߵС׵ʼͷҪصͷʱīֹ
žߴסװ
ī޻Ǻذ׽УװСģҲ¶Цݡ
ȷʵûԼĺӣѹ㲻˵ʱЩԣֻûзκ쳣СӵĹ͡ī޶˶٣ӦǸСӰɡ㶼ӣӦŮ

ī޵ƿʼԴԴϵΪʹԭװĵ˹ŵڷ⣬ڸ׵
ܲϲأ
ԭΪܹǼ£˭ϻľϲ
С׵ϲعȥī޶󵽵ͷСڷŶƤܣǾ仰Ҷǵģͷʲôģ֪ô

һֻҲסīЦң
˹ī޺ЦҲûΪӺ¶ѹһͷҪиģ˺ˣʺϸһ档
ī޴ֽ£ָСǵóƯ㣬ϲƯġ
˵Ȼˣ
īЦƸס

糿һۣȿľ߸СʯͷõУ簡
Ҳк
˻ʯͷ

ī޴ˣ˵Ҫȥ
ȥҪȥˣ
˳Ǽһ棬Ҫȥľɫϴûô
ʵиԭǣڳǰҪںһīԼĳأﱾǼܵǿǵĺҪȥ
ħ黹ûнأǾôȥ棬ðɡ
±ͼáī޿Цн˶ء
Цȥͷ׻ռϷ硣

ǰ㲻ôСʯͷ
á
ϾȥףΪӡ

ϴʱۣʲôҲûţǳųʱ˺档
ɫĹâӺƽͷ溣ǸڰпĻɫʧһ̫³ĺƯ
ħ¶˽ǿ
ţסī޵ֱۣ߰ɣȥ

׼ˣ
ʲô׼ʲۣ
ºȻһգīקֱֱ׹䣬ͨһˮУˮ˷ˮȴûӿĿڱУܹ˵ЦŻȥī޹Ȼߡ
ˮܵˮȾɫ𣿡ī
̫
īЦţǰȥˮһˮҲůñȴҲȫܹܵıΪˬ

ĺɰﴧţӴĺˮС
ҫ۵㶼˱ۣͷȥϲīޣСʯͷҪɾˣ
īްЦѾʼɾʱжྪϲ
Ϊˣī޻Ǿʱ¸㣬Ϊʯͷˡ

ںˮˮƺʵٶǺܿģα߿棬һӺ󵽴ﺣס
ϻصĵطûλõĲɫâҲûиò棬̬㣬Ǹľܿĵطڡ
ﰡĴ
īǣ֣һֱǰߣߵһǽǰīס֣ưڱǽϣЦ˵ʲô
²£
ǣɣ

ī޵ЦУĺرųɫâٶȱ۾ֻйӭɢĳûī޿ڣȲ۾͸ŵôģ֣Ҿþûк

īȥɰĵѾԼ˳쳣˷ܵڰǰȥ

ȷʵīѷõеĽɱɣ˼ĹҪΡ룬ӶӼ֡˴߳㣬ܲʱн֣˴ҲڰһӰҲûУﶼȻڻ
ǽűߡߣߣɺˮĸѣŵĹҲ˹ԽԽɫʣ۾ȫȫˡ

мƯˮĸرƯŮŶּǰ££ˣ
Ҳؿ⼸λƯ㡣
ī޵ͷǣһˣɡ
£λǣǿ㡣
ңǡҲ֪ôԼŤͷīޡ

īãǵ󡣡





56  ʮ   ԻʲôСӲܡ

š󡱶, Ů۾ɴͬԲ۾۵Сۡ
󣿡ͷī, ˼ѽֻǲ֪ôЩƯ˵ǴӺζζ
𣿡ī޳΢΢ü


µӹڿɰīЦǲŷ׷׻
Ůǰ, ӯӯ£ݼ£
¡

īŴ͵ߣߵһ룬ڻع, ʶػͷˣλûдǧݡ
Ǹô죬˵, ͷؼҪġ
ϺɰͷտҲ
˼ң»ٸС

Ȼû, Ů¶, īԴ, Ҫ˵Х, Ƶӡ
ŮǶǵīޱҹ׷׵⿴ȥ
īѻΪ׻ָʲôزǿ˫۾Ҳ֪ǰвͬ, Ҳ֪Щʤ㣿

ڽ𣿡Ҳˣī޵֣ܶӣ
ǣҵˡ
Ҳǡ

īɿ֣΢΢ЦСʯͷһȥȥ
Ҹһȥ֡
ĵ̣֮īѻôˣҲԼ䵽ҾأǺΣգԼԺΪŵ㡣
£Լĵ̡
ī˵ɣչüͷȴѵõúܽ
ô˵īҲӦȥԭڿй÷ĵҲصģŵؿīԭرɺڽɫֱӷ˳ȥ
֣βͶû
̫ˣ

īϴλǾѲϾīһҲûΡ
θֱӿʱں׵Ҳȫ˻Ŀǰؼ䣬λֻͣǰɡ뺣λ൱ҲַΡ
Ŀǰǰգīޡ
ϻصΧˣкˡ
ȫϻҲΪ˰ݼλ£ֻΧһΰˡ

Щ죬īһֱټǰЩͻȻ֣Ҳ֪ī޾Ȼħ硣ǿī޶ħˣħûɣҲΪ塣
ɵȺۼſڣҫ˻ʱֳɫĺشɳӴѹӭȺɤӷ·һ㣬ĬЩڰеȫص棬òī޵Ǿ޴ͷ­
ѹ

мޣҪī޶׼ǺУǵҲֱӱѹڵϣֻʹڵ淭

ǵʹģīвûʲôʹУϾϲʲô
īͷλò
ƵᵽȺǷ׷в²īǱˣ
īȴ˷ʱ䣬ɲͷƽħ֮£˭ħϵ˭ָʹȥħ磿

Ȼ˿ڡ
ī޵Ц

ȺëȻôˣǾûīЦ
ǻʱī޸£ڵһθߣɫȥ໡ʹ|Ѿһ̲ѪѪ黹ڲϸߵĺˮС
ȫˡ
Ҫ֪λĮ߸ϣ˵ͬʱҲûдκˣ
ô䣬˭Ĵī޶ǹǼգ
Ͼ̫٣īҲ㶯֣
Ǿ㣬ѽī޷С
뵽²ī޾ˣ

˷㶵ʱī޾ֵһεǸĸ޷ֱīñȷݣˡ

ܱޱȼžīЦЦºͣģˣϾҲħɱأǰɣ
ǰɡġ
ȴϸ䣬˭īħģ
ǡ

ûԸվáīٴθ¡
˵ѡеĸ󺰳̽ħ磬ɱ˵
Ⱥ׷ɢֻһɫתܣȴ첻Ѿסīޡ

īϳΧûٳԼҧ
֪ӲԶݺݵңˤңҲ֪ī޸ɱˣֻҪкξ壿Ȼ˵⻰īû˶еӺǴȻûǸӣֻҪûһһŪ㣡
ֱ˵ЩԾԾԣǰīҲֻŻŻǰˡ
ܽī޲Ȼȥ

īһֱڳĬǺȻɿڣȥ
󺰣ûɱ
Ŀ˸ʱīٴεסβ͡

ī޿ŴǣﶼûУֻеĮȻī޵ɵ峤ûôͷãŽ¡
Ҷס
˵ǵΪζļȣǿ



īЦŪǳ
Ѿ󺰣īң
ī޴βֱҵĩˣ֮س˳ѪĽʹ຿УһԵȫɵۣī޴ʱ뵽ȴԼΧգϵʹ֮ǧٱ
ֻɫ۾Ҫɺɫ뽫ЩͨͨŪ
ȴ⿴һǣܵ뵰Ϣ

ԣﻹİˣĺӡ

ɫ۾ֽɫڵϣʱ鴤ī޴һɣǸڵ棬ȥһַ׷
īҲö࿴ԸûҵķԸκ˲뿪һٱҷ֣ԸǾͲǳǡ
ǡ
ǶϽ
ˣһů

ī޿ţùû˼ġ֪סˣУֺαضôã
°ɡīתҪߡ

ƫڴʱǼһϢشӵϵþȫԼβ˦Ѿ뿪īޣˣȺлвī޵ģϡȻǵĹûīޣȱһ˻
Ǽ³Ѫص棬иİӰֱӴǵϣŰѹ⽣ҴһһѪ
ַͷϣ⽣׼Դһ
ҽС

īȻؿ㡣
˫ͨ죬γٷһ׼Դʮ£ųû˶ŽתȥīޣǰЩûиĻһһ˵ɱǣܡ
ǽϣѪڵε䡣
Ѿˡ

Ű£ȴѱѪˮȾ죬Ϲһ㵭⣬߻һŰɫĵ
ǿŵд󾪣
ٿ꣬ΪΪ壬ȴ֪ǿŵԵʣī޵Եʣֻǰű˽½Եʡ

ˡ

ī޷ص㣬ŵԼͷ
ī޵˼о仰һ𣬲һڡʱȷвֵѧϰĵط
⡣
īѾˮǱסǰһ仰ǣǷȫȥ״źú÷ʡ

ʧīֱӷԼĳء
ɼǹصľɫҲû㿪˵һ仰ֱסī޵ǣﻹǷЩ˶ī˵ĻԼɫҪ͵Ϯī޵Ļ档
ѹˡ
ףЩΪʲôôī޶ҪŹˣǻҪһδεƣΪʲôǷҪ۸īޣ
뵽μīʱϵЩѪ̲סɫش̡

īԽԽī޵ҿ˵ΣǲŶ
㻹ǰУѹûع
ֱӲס㣬ŵǰ棬һᡰžડ£۲ۡ
ۣҡ
ֱµ֣īޱЩ
㱧סΥ˵°ͣ૵ĲҪѹ㻹أ

ī̾ǰǷŵĳֺγǣ
ССһȴΪɱһ
īͷ֪͵͵Ҳսپ
ҲҪ۸ˣ

ǲÿԼ˵жҪأ㡣
ȫӿ͵ϮҲްΪħӵ֮˫޵ԵʣΪʵǰҲǰǰ
ǵͷǣлҡ

ءֲᣬûб㣬ֻûЩʶ㡣
īޱˣ㱧ڻУ˻ڵ棬īᣬԵͷȥᡣ
㻹Ǻѹһʹ˵ңɱˡҲڣãȫɱ̧ͷīޣأǲǱ仵ˡ
ī޳̾ٽڻУеᡣ
Ǿãεºܣܽ㡣
㣬īֻʲôģ
ͱħЩûǵħ⵽Ʋãһɥ¡

īصͷǣСޣҲĵؿŬؽˮзҪٿһ㣬ȴرī޵
ˣ
ŭػҪȥȴֱӱһǽסˣ
Ŭڱꡪ

ڻˣĿֹסһַʽʹЩ
ϴεıԣŵͷ޵ãôˡ
īŵؽ·˵˵ǲġ

īЦţѹ|

ǵµĵǽ
سȻ˷һװסˣ˱

ˣ
Ҫ飬εıȻ겻ȥˡ
ССȴ˴Ц£ɲСӦÿġ

ס
ԻʲôСӲܿģ





57  ʮ   

˺ܾ, űų
˲϶࿴һۣȥȴһܴƯı˯, صڵĲعȥҲûнء
ֵкöֵĺӡŶ
ٹʱīһѽץˡ

ȴûѡˡħצ
ī޵һӣıֶС, һģһǴСͬī޽ŵ, ǸոպáҵձУѸٱ󣬱֮ʵǰ׵ĴСϾ, Ҳһɳġ
ֻ̰棬ϲ㣬ԼСС, ùĺɰ

, ȴԼƱס, 
ī޶뵰, Щӣú
׵Ѹ
Ҫں״һ󣬻ȥǰ㻹ûãʵԼ, ʱ㡣
˶٣ٵڱҡΣŲҪŲҪԼҪ͵һҪڵƯСɰ
ңʲôã
ѡ죬ѾѸٺϡ

εôΣҲûٿ
ǻ˵˾䣺Լܴӱгɹ
ײȥгεСȴ͵ز⡣Ҫ֪ڵĶʱûͣƬ̣һֱ
ôͷһؾأ
ԣǺİ֣еȴе㺦¡
ȴҲ࣬žߴǱȥСԵ˯С

ڲˣī޵ַڱϣѸٽ

˯һˣīץסҪ۾֣ذࡣ
šɤӻЩɳƣī޵ֱϻЩ£ʶصȥɰȴû
ͷȥصѡ
³׶ˣԼĶͷ£ƺٴΣЩ˼

ī޵ЦҲ˵ʲôֻǵǰҲûúòιߣȥ
ѽ
īޱҪʱȵȣͣСʯͷأ
ǶīޱǸСǡ
ףȻиСģѵСʯͷ𣿣
ǣ㲻˵ɾˣΪɹҷڴ˴

Ǵ°Ͼī޵ĳأǷͬһ㡣Сʯͷڴ˴һܳɹɾģ
СʯͷˣС֣ī޽ǰ
СǣСʯͷҪúŤͷīޣǹ
ʱãǺʱ
Ҫһֱں𣿡
ϲ
Ц̫ϲʲôûüأ
ī޴

СʯͷҪͣã㣬һȥƯķ羰

ߺ󣬿ĵڼ֮أΪǿҲıؾ֮·˯еء

ҲȻںס˺ܾá
˵ʲôӣö飬ֲÿ״ԪüλҲûʲôٶĸֳ簮Ƕ飬ҲӲǿҪõ顣鿴رӣذЩ־ֻӣɽ顣
СͰΣƶ֮ϡ֮Сɽ֮۵ķ羰
Լֱ̫Ҹ̫ˡ

ī޹ѣī޻δعɰࡣ
Ϊѹţ׵ĸ·Сɣ׷ǰ
ǰϲ徲ī޴ֻ֮һ棬īѵ˵ҫģȻһһˣһֱ㣬ֻҪ˭Įʵޱϲأ˵һ䣺ҵ󡣡
˲Ǿ˻ɵˣī޶Ϊֱǰٿᡣ
Щ˳С󡱵ӡ

С¿ɲ֪ĴС˼ʼе㲻˼Ҳˣҽܣãī޵㲻Ҫȣ
ܲȣ֮˷ʱī޵ûסЦ
ǺǺɽ˶֪ˣī޵˸
ˣī޵¼ֱѽǧû˵Цī޵£Ȼ˵һ仰Цˣ

ҪƼī˽ദӣΰ

׵ķ羰ƯȤ֣Щֲ˼
īϿҲɣʵʮֽҲһֱţ˵ֱӿħﾹȻһĶҲûУҲʵʵġ
ħòλȥ֮طѣûһʯͷҪ¡

֮ǵ
ҲΪúڴ˴ī޲Ż㶺
˵ʵҲĲ£ÿ춼ȥʹֻô˵סıһӦҲûС

Щǣʵû¶ⶼˣô䣬Сʯͷ᲻޷Ӧ
ī޽ڻУοҲ£ʱ£ģ£һжΪǿ󡣡
š֪ī޲ƭٵģѾһҲǿٰСʯͷɡ

룬Цٹһ£ĳһС
ûô죬һһ졣
ڴѽ
㱳СǣīڱϣĵСһʧճ

˵⻰ĵ죬ʹӱгˡ
ҹ˯𣬺أ˵Ƭھ𶯣þѹŮǸǷ׷׳ʵ£µ£
ϾĶǵ£һŪģĺܡ
һȺ£ָһ죬Ѿضһѹ⽣𽣾Ҫǻ£ȥɱǣ
ī޸Ͻ§סǡ


ŮҲؿЩҲǵ£˭
īץ罫ãֱӸ֮ء
Ȼ𶯾ڴˣʱѱ·ɫһ𶯣ҲڲŵʲôˣСʯͷ°ɣ
˵仰Ĺ򣬵ֲ˺üء
ȥȥīҪ塣

Ǵʱءһ죬͵ĽȻѡ
㾪ȵվԭأȴǺȻֹͣīֽЩѵĽȥȥСʯͷ
żͷ֣ǱúôôѺһԵĴ󱴿Ǽһģһˡ
ǰߵǰԡסǵıֳһѺۣƬƬƬ䣬¶еıǡ
ɫǱҲѶǽɫƣСʯͷһģһơ

ŶڴСʯͷɹˣ
ѵ
иСӱбĳ
˫۱ǽյģڴʱǻǰһϽڿȥ


ûСһررŵСʯͷ

ء

ʵûлعأĿɵˣ˭ڿް
ʶصͷȥȻˣСʯͷǸСʯͷ
ѵСʯͷڿ𣿣

үȴ뵽˵Ģ̺СȸǰֻҪɾˣʱܱˣҲǿ˵ģ
Ҳ֪ΪΣ뵽Сʯͷ˵Ϊ
֣ŴСʯͷվҲûǰһ

ء
еĵȴĿոյ߹ʱڴѽǼһҲûиǲǵϲˣ
Խ룬޵øġ
ǲǰѵѽ
˵뿪ôõģһбĵռСɰˣһҪ

ǿĵˣѸȥûСɰһݡֱС㻳ȥ
æҵؽסǰŵһ㣬ʣСʯͷոǲڿޣΪʲôѽ

ᰡ
ǿĵһûסҸؿ޳ϣе





58  ʮ   ҵ


һʱס, ī޼״ǰҪڣѾЦ, Сʯͷҵ
ī޺Цȷʵס
ЦŵͷûҼģ㵱Ȼĸ
ûīܾˣ

ղ䵰ĵǣСʯͷ, ҪЩСԺóԵģָīޣ㿴, ĸףһλŶ죬Ҳ
תīޣһһ˻, ס
īôСӷǳԸء
ֽ꣬š䵽ȥˡ

Цü䣬һ߱, һ߿īޣ, Сʯͷǵ, ҲԵѽȸСʯͷȡСɣáСʯͷƺˣ
ֻҪɵ¶ī޶ûκ⡣
ʣȡʲô
, Цгiiɣòã˫ʯi֣ͬ

īֵüһԼСƲʯֶ˰
ȷʵϲ죬дҲд, СӱƤʵǳ֣غܺ
ī޵ͷ֡
СʯͷԺͽгiiСٸȡòã
ã
ǵǾ͵ӵ
ٲ䵽ߣǼӲޱȣȴ·ܸܵһ˿ѿʼӤļ

ī޿ŸҲΪЦãҲûٽ͡
СӴӵ֪ʵʲô֪ˡһ룬īҲԶˣҲ֪СӱʱòǸ˭һЩ

⴦һܰţͷȴһƬҡ
ӱʱ󣬽Ƭ·ҪƷƵģʱֹͣһǵľģƫīµ˻Ҳš

ֱҲˣī֮ضϵʽ
Ҳ֪ĳֱҹͷǲǽīһͬͷȥǽࡣīֱӴǵǽ
磡ôˣ㿴ϤӰЦŴкֺܿЦݣĵǲַ˲õ£
˼߸˵ӣ֪Ѳδٴ⣬ҲˣЦҡͷδʲôǡ

סߵǰеǣ
ŶǳiiҺī޵ı
ˣѹǰֳôĶҲΪѸˣϽϲϲϲǴϲ£Լĺӣһǳǿ
ٺ١㲻˼ؽֻͣǸʯͷҼ񵽵ģΪī޵ܳɾģܱŶһҲǷǳɰı
Ƶؿīޡ

ī޸һ԰񣬶ˣȻɡ
úúã
صŮ浰ȥˣ㲻һNɪҫŮҲһ죬ΪμΪֻǸʯͷ
иŮѣʵʯͷء
һ㶣Ѿ˵˵ʯͷ
Ů
׵֪ʯͷգʲôϲ㣡
ɰɣŮҲûˣͼɣȵСС֪ˡ

аӲܸʶֳô϶ˡ
ǵģʵδڼ֮ص£޵ľʶ
ҲֻнʶƵ֮ǰȫ׼һǷǿ˸ĸŴ֮⣬һҪʱڡ
Ƕ˶ã
īҲΪģɫ޲ȴã¡
㻹죡
īüִһȭNɪӣ

ָпû뵽ܵ
Ƕİ£ȴûŪһһֻС˳ŪпԭϾؼԶֻһֻˣһֻʧŻµķˡ
֮ǰҲû˾ûǶôֵ¡
ĵǺ£ȷǣûһɸĸĸҲɣǿİ¡

īҲûмNɪϾ
˵˾䣺һκ鶼עǳĲȷԡ
౧˫ۣŷ䣡
ī޵Ц

ҲܾôȻ·ȥ˿㣬׼뿪
ǰ⼸գпһˣҴȥĸףҾʶɶ֪ǷֻҵĴ
ãȥ˼䣬ȥ㡣

ִ죬ųiiΪƯķ羰һͬ˼䡣
²СӣʺǷûסúһ٣ȶһƯĴŽɫƵİʯͷiiƣǵĸ󣡡

ŵĻʺʹţܽii̽ȥˡ
Ҫĸٽ̡
ʺؿƯʯͷŴŴĸ

ʺָ̧ii⣬ѵǵ
𣿣
iiȴգiiʯͷ
ЦŵͷţiiҼ񵽵ʯͷɾСˣ
ʺﻳԼ۾ˣ˵Ҳãⶼܿ˵ˣʯͷأǵ

ʺûôú壬㿪ʼҫĳiiץȥڶī޹̫īһġ
ʺＱô£ǣǡ
ĸ˵ʲô̫Ӳ⡣
ī֪˼ЦŽͣȷʵĺӣѿȴҲΣֻûԼܻкӣ֮ʱССģȷʵʯͷiiԼ˵ʲôʲôҲΪԼֻʯͷΪ˸Ųɡ

̫Ūʲô¶ƴЦʺҲǿЦá
˸ĸ˶ЦīҲЦiiƵܿͶ֪ˡ
̫Ӻʣ㵮
һ
񼣡
ī޿̫ЦеģյЦò֮غϣôϣλ

ʺʣӳǿҪЩʲô׼
Ҵóiiڹƿǡ˴ļңߣƵ콵ڰնԣҲһףӼҲһѪҺ˼䣬ĵһ
ʺϲԽãʵ̫ˣã
Ҳʲô׼ڵ£߸˵ıá
úúã

˵ʲô׼֪λǼڴֽţīҲЩ˼ģϾ£ΨмΪʯͷĸףΪԼʯͷĶӣһоҲûУÿֺǺǵġ
ʱ˼Ĵգ÷ҲǷơ
ڹŵ㣬ӳȥ̤࣬ü˼ô⡣ߣʵҲûôЩ羰ϾҪɱһֱ̫ࡣ
Ϊīޣ˭Ҳ£Ҫӳȥ

ī޶ӦǺһͬţŮǻ׼ྫµĵš
iiվɹĺɰڣĿϾӵؿֵĽͷˣ˷ܲѣûз磬ɰʱԼ߸ߵѾ˺
죬ǳȥͻʱϯضóԹŮǸЩģ˯ж⡣иʫʫǻȥ˻˷ŷݣīҲ˸ŵø߸ߵġ
һֱ浽Ϧ䣬Ǿ˶顣
ص·ľ¥˵Ҿ¥ζãûгԹء

iiԲԣСʺɰʯͷ
ԣ
īĵǸʲôԣ
Ҳ룬˵ǲ˵ģӣӲҷȴҪġ
һ߽ͬҪ˸ż䣬϶¥ʱȻֹϤͷȥİͣԭء

δкѾ˵СС£ôˣ
ҽͻˣ
죬ʺС³ͻӻûдˣѵ˱²Χһƫߵīޣһݣ˭
˼ʱҲкѵģΪԭ򣬲ܵȥȴҲһͬĺû顣
ʣһģ
мλǵʶġ˵ָһ¥ĳ

ȫ㱾Ǵк¥ȥˣǸϲԳԷϲ˴š
̲סʵС£λ̨ǣ
ǡסȻ¶һĨЦݣİҽǳԷȥǣ϶¥ż䣡

ǡҲɣȥˡ
ٺ١ȴȻīޣȻЦЩ⡣
īĺˣʵǸܻʳˣ빬ŮŮ˵仰ˮŮħǣġչֻҪ˶ۣеģ㶼᲻ˣҪϺһ
ϿɵļѣͲī޸κ˴򽻵
ö˶˵ҪһԷЦҪʲô¶
ò˵еڴ

ҲҹӣǺò˶¥ż󣬷׷׸ҲҶʣҶ࿴㷴⣬ͣԼİʹɫ
ǹϵõһҲЩ⣬ƴҪԼʲô
£Ҫ裿
ǡ
Ŭ룬ʣ£ˣ
ǡ
ˣֲͣλ˵ɾϿٳԼʹɫ˼һСʣ£λɾʲôԵģ

ǣޱ٣ո¥ʵͦģôѽ
и˺ܾõˣڴŵӸ˾䣺£֪λɾλôδǴģ

ϲüңڵȵˣ
ɤӣīҲ֪СԴﵽײʲô

Ҷ㣬һ仰ʱ
СºƵܷ˵˾䣺ҵ





59  ʮ   ѵС³ˣ

Ҳ֪ôٷ, СµǸ˵úܣȫԼԣһֱȰǶԵ, ߵİͣԼвˣҲֻκظųԣӲ̧ͷ࿴ҲҶ˵
극, ֻϽߡ
мڴʣûʲôҪʵ𣿡

̧ͷ˫ޱڴӡ
ðɣϾ, СһģЩ˽㣬ʣ£, ôʶѽ
īüȴ˷ܵ˫۷⣬һʱ֪ô˵úá
īʱڣʶʱ, , 
ֱǸС³ѽ

룡⻰, Ҳ׷׸۾
ʮС꣬Ķûг, ٶСӣҲӢ۾ˣȴûϵʵʩеȴС£
ӣ
ӻ˷ʣǼͬΪӣҲòϵ㡣
뵽ʺС£һӳ, ƺҲʲôֻǲ֪ӵʲôݣܿȻӣʲôݣҲС£

б𣬴ûҼʣҲѾ㹻㣬ûǿλ
Ϊ׵й񣬸ȥֻ߳Ĵʱ׷Ƭ̣ٻع񣬾Ͱ֮ǰһʱڣȫˡ
Ͼǻӣ˼ûӳɻӣǴȥ㶨ᱻ﹥
ͨҲˣ֮˵ûܳΪʱİɾһμѻƫǻӣΪӾҪ縺һΣī޲ϣΪʸ֮ġ

ЩǺˣδ¸㣬СһͼŰɡ

͵ֵ㣬šıӣ¸ˣ
ٺ١ɵЦ
صкҵӣÿźĹ˵īī˼ʱȥ˫ɫǸƷòڵķˡˣҲû֪ǸɡֻǿСͬͬҲв²ġ
¡ʺﶼͬʲô˵ģ
īǰΪĮֱЩ˵Ǻף

úÿҲҿ̫ʼҽ
ǶУЩˣī޺Сôֲˣ˵ñ뷨ӣ
⻰ҸϽźһһߣС²ˡ
㱻Ц֮ī޵ڹоô̶ƺ

ʺЩ֣ϾīɾУǲܵģī޶һֱ̫ãҲŭλɡ˵㼸䣬ֽī޽ǸСǺ֣ɾൣЩ
ī޿˵㣬ЦǣǸƺֵʲôֻҪϲģ˵ģҾͶϲ
ʺҲ޻˵ˣȴΪī仰ֻϲ
֪ī޶ãȴû뵽óˣҪˡ
˵ˣ˭ֲϣԼҺӱ۰أ

Цī޵֣ٴī޾ҵ
ī޵ͷ
һһ͵ģһԸһԸʺҲֻЦ̾ˡ

ֱĳҲī޺ī޲žǸ⣬ȴҲΪʱ~

Ϊڣiiһӵ
ԼʯͷҲˣǲӵ㲻ڣīָĵǣôӵˣڵ
˵
Ҳװʯͷīó׵ϣࡣ
ûŵ˻ΣԶЩ
㡪ī޹úýһ¶ӣˣڸʲôѽ

أ
ī޻û˵ʲôأȴӤ۵ģɤӿۣ˵㣬ī޾ŵͬʱЩۡ
æ˹סôǣ
ֻǸʯͷ䲻ɱء
ôءͷīޣĲͬ

īп˵
ûµѽǳiiԶʯͷҲûϵģǲˣСˣһֱʯͷ
ŵںɰתʹȥˡ

ºī޻ǴŶӣòס
ǾõĺɰϲССԼģԲŲӵ
ī޿Цã㣬ӣ߶ҲĶӣʲôӣ

iiҲڵһӣޣ㲻ҲԼѡ
ۿŶʱڣǲīޱȥһͥҽࡣ
˼ʹ㰲ȫ𿴳iiʱֻǸΪȴīҲͥôҲûʲôĵģ˯ȥǰرҲʱҪõڡ
֪գ׷ģ
īǳ鴤ӽСסͦ˵ģֻÿضҪӸ
ֻҰοӼƽϣҲû㻹Цôˡ

ͥīֱȥ̨Ҳǹͬĸף֮
īϻǸճССʱ̨Ǹûоͷ磬Ұ֮ΨйУ˴̫
էȻȥƺǰеǶ֪вͬ
Ǹܲĸ׵

ЩѾ֮࣬ͷһؽʱ˲ʱͱסˡָ棬ʱѾЩ¶ȣ֪ǺԵʡ
ī޸ŶΪûбȽϣδʲô仯
˵ôȥҲǰ취ǵѪԣܷѡ

ã˵ţԼģѪ£ܿûУƬ̣ûжı仯Щɥ
īҲƣͬ伸Ѫ뷽һҲûзӦ
̾ī޸Ҫο䣬µغȻסٶԭأֱһΡ

༤ּ侲ʣĸף𡭡
ȴӦ
ཫڵ棬ֽĸףǽ࣬Ƿ˰
ī޲Ҳڵ棬޵أоһеǣѵѪã

ֵ˺ܾãԷ޷Ӧ
ڵİգЩһֱȥ㻹ǲУΪ䣬Ҳڵϣ䣬ī밲ο䣬һͬ̾Ϣ˳ӣֱԴĴȥ
īޡ޾翵·ӺԶĵطؽī޵֡
īͷȷʵĸ׵
ҡī޳Ӧ¡

񡭡࡭
ڣסȴڲסᡣ

סա
û˻شȣҲûκֽڻָѪȻãǻҪյѪ
յԪǷģѪã
԰ɣ
á

Ҳ˵ʱħ綫ڣȻһ
ؽڱչϻرΪȵֵ꿤֮ʯȴûõŵħҲͻȻӰνҲû˵Ҳˣգܵ꿤֮ʯħ羳ڣ
ֱˮСõ˰ɣ
ҲˣԷʲôͣѵҲ˹ˣ㿴Էɺ̨Ҫ

ҲǸӣһ̣Ҫħľġ
Էħ֮ʯ֣ϵ˵ģҲһ飬Ҳ֪һսЩǱ
ĵطκ˶޷롣
Ȼкڽʱ»УǿֹͣΣպܴۣ⻹³Ѫһ٣ҪҹԷʱǵûģúһһ˵ˮƿ꿤ħ֮ʯڷУ˼ʹȥ㣬ȡϵħ

ҭסЦ˭ȥҾȥ㵱ɵӣ
ȴҲզ࣬ôãûŪСӵһ˵ģѵ˻мͣ

Է壺ϳħ֮ʯ㵱ħ
ǣôĿħǵϵҶӣͼô
ī޲ߣΨһĻᡣ
䳰ȷԷ壬ؽ侲ʵ˵Ŀģī޿ӣ治Сߣ
ڣܿͻȥֻħĻᡣ

˼˻׻ħʣ˼ʹеȥã
ĻԻˣʱ˼ҹξ
ؾúܹ֣ʣ˵ͷͷǵΪ㲻ԼȥԼħҿúܣҪңҴСӣͻɱң

һֱ˵״ȻſĴڣ¶ΪµļݣȻѺǲ͡
첻µزµزһ³ѪķĿڣصش
Էţȥȥ
ȥ

̨֮УīЩ飬תҪһͬȥ˼ȡѪīɫ䣬Ҳûһ䣬˾Ͳˡ
ôˣͻȻյߣѵС³ˣ





60  ʮ   

ī޻ص˯ź뿪, ŵӦҲͻˡ
Щ˯ʱΣЩһҹüΡ
ں, һ굽ͷٶ죬ΨмҹΡӵ֣ΣҲȤõ, ˯ҲЦżجξѣǰмˡŮ, īޣο䣬Ҳˡ

ҹ˯, Ҳɻ֡
εʹֳȥȥĻǰЩǸȥĳǽ, İ, һӻ滨, ۷۰װһƬƮѩ, Ǻÿˡڻ£۾ɻϡ
£ģȴֺ
, Ҳֻ֣ȴˡ
ţԶͯĿۣȥϵĺɰǿյģ

ԶϤĿޱȽ
ǺӸǿź𡰵еžѣСʯͷڿްŤͷǳiiڿޣǵĺڿޣ
Ǹī޺İĿĮȻúʯ˵ʲôûӦ㼱ˡ
ֻǺԽԽģϽȴֱī޽߬ס
ͷİīޣǵıڿޣҪȥұ

iiii˦ī޵֣ܲ˵سſȥ

бʩ¶죬ˮСӣôšѵкӣۼȻ룬Ҳ׿ЩרĽץ

˼䣬ԼԷڣƽ˯úúõֱͦͦشӴֻۣľګľżૺšiiӲȥɵߣŴŴС
ûһ˿Ӧúֽ֣е
㻹ߣҪȥѽ
˼лֳһźС
һֱ֪߽ǺС
ˣС½ڣһͬȥˡ

ضͷǺɫ԰ףۣվھľľ㣬³˵ʲôǵ𣺡ɱȡħ֮ʯϳ
ǡ
ħ֮ʯǱǱֱӳȥΪҲûá
ȻǶֻϣز˵ɱСˣ
Ҳӹʹʲôˣ˫ֽգ˲ʱһѺƳɵĶ̽ȥһ˦Ŀڡ

죬ҲѸûڣȴšѡһǰѺڽɣѸɢ
شһаٶӽλδ˦ȥ½ںرĳʯͷۣȴǣ˭
Ц˭ݲһʯͷʣ
˵գĽ˦˳ȥֱײĽϣײɢˣϹֻⵯزò˼⣬ʯͷǸʲô

ԼʯͷˣֳһһѵĽһһʯͷк
ССʯͷȴغܣȫ˸ಽ
ħûôɣûж˽⣬ΪҲǰʯͷʲôֻ޳ʶʯͷ

ڰȴϳʲô
ֻһʶͷ­޴ۿտգȴҲɫһǽŮħͷԵʣδŪ
ȴǿ챻ССʯͷŪˣôŪҲˣýڽڰˡ
ԭزþȫ³ԼʱҪɱ

ۿһʯͷˣעûк³ǻԥʲô
شһԼԾʹʮʮΪңʱҡಡɳһϸ˭ֻҪңɺüڡ
صЦţңۿҼ㣬ٷɻȥçײֱִٴײң⡪УĿɿڴҶˣ
ʯͷȴǺˣ

óѹ׵ĶҲˣسױŭ־ŭֱֳԭΣޱ޼ʵġޱ߼ʵĺʴԼǿǰڻУڵ٣źҲ̼ûټ
һֱ۲ŵô˻ᣬȥ

ȴķˡ
Ĳӵֻװһʯͷһ죬ڵСɰΪʲôЩôᣬҪ
ػĺӭв֪Ϊ󹥻
ߴ½ס㣬ͷܲ˻һͷǺײȥ
ֻϵ˲䣬С죬·ʲôʯѡ

ҽȻ𣬸Ϊصǣ⣬·ǰǰʯͷϵĽɫһ㣬ٲƬǼʱֹ֪ͣʤ㣬״תܣȴҲΧס

ȴУҲĳii
ʲôҲûţӵĿȻҲˣнת
ī޲ڣʯͷҲˣô죬ô죿

ʱѵֻıݺݳһѡ
һȴպÿޱҫ۵Ľѵģ԰գһƬƬµĽɫƵǡ
в֪ǵǣΪǳii˴ˡ
ʹǵضiiţŭѲͨ˵˲ϸ鿴ܣб⽣Ƭȥ𽣾Ϳ

Ϊأֻǹֲ̫ãΪiiˣıʹȫƾķŭ·ҿһͨȴΪǿ󣬻ǽصЩƬƬ顣
زòֱΣ˺۵Ůӿе䡣
㣡
ǸŮǷŭ𽣾ɱŮ

ɱлҪʣ
Ľסգգۣ⣬ôǳii
ͷ쿴ȥȴ״ĺÿæתֻǺַɳһ׽ɫɵˡ
Ϻ߽֮̽⡣
ŷڰеİ׽ɫС
ǵģСīӴҪС࣬ȴǵģʵʵڵƯʵ

Ҳ㣬ϲϲҪ
һɫӰȻֱ֣Ӹм䡣
īǰһ§ס㣬ֱ㶵ӣΪɵˣĺ󱳣ûû£ˣ£¡
ȴţ̽Դ⣬ֻ̽һ˫۾뷽ŲҪ˵㻳У񲻵òײī޵ĺ󱳣ۣȻǿ̧ͷģרԴϵ˫ԲԲɫ۾ӡ

գգۣ˫ɫ۾Ҳգգ
ȻЦ
ɫ˫УԲԲӱ󣬷ǳɰٿŻɱеСѾشм飬˵ԣ۵Ƥ˵޾Ϳޣءiiúѽ

īޣ





61  ʮһ   һ

Сʯͷһ, ôļⶼ˲, ǿǿҪˡ
ҪֱȥСϵᣬ˫ۻī޽ţۿҲûзµĴ㣬ֻСiiް, ˣǲˣ
iiĿһ٣޵÷Ϊġ
ֻٲͬΪ, СƬȻɱȣƬģΪĴ, ҲһͿ

СĿɳƣīޣɿҡ
īΣװġ
㲻ãų, С, ܻװأ

Сһﻹͷһظأ

ī޵Ƿſ, סСָ, ޲˶ˣû
ءiiǸСҲ֪þգȻҲûǲֱʱ޼, Իȡĸο
īоܲþҲĲˡ
뵽ڣĿ࣬Ҳ۵ģɱУҲڴ£ݳڱƵħһ侲Сǰһסļ򣬿οˣѹˣûˡֶԳiiҲˣϽ

ŸճͲܳάͣոջعУǸǿĺӣҲά̫á
⻰Ⱦϲiiܱɱ
iiԭΪֻϲʯͷţͦϲģҲһֱţͳŵúܼѣأСɤӿϵСǲĻж

Ҳ˼ӤһģС첲СȶоСֵģÿ϶ĸѡ
ֱ֪ôźˣִΡ
бֱ֣ŴŴ
Ǽֱһٻ

ī޼״ĸճii˵㣬iiϽžͳһССİ׽ɫǽǡ
ġǶСǣȴҲ֪һǳۣȥϲ·ľګҲֻǽԼһЩȴ˵ʹ̫ľ
īһ֪ʲôЦûôĽǣĵһʲô
㻹ǲ̫iiԴϵСǽϲȥ䵽ԼȿЦ

ǳɰֻӤЦѲǡ
ii˵iiĽǽǣ
ҲֻԼ۵ȥiiλСӣԴҲŻΣֻСǽǶģЦŸiiСǽǣϲߵīޡ
ī¶οЦݡ

iiiiϲѽĻСɰҪ
㱾ǲԴ֮ˣôĳiiҲֻɵЦ
ԭСȵʯͷҪҸѽ
ʯͷˣiiôѵһֱˣ
ѽʯͷѽҳɾiiúܣʯͷɾǵ⿴¶ô
£ڿСֵʱ㷢Լһֱˣϳʯͷiiȴô˵Ͳ֪ĸȷģīޣiiǲСıǼ񵽵ʯͷ

iiϽźһֱ𣺡ʯͷ
ī޷֣ųiiʵ㡣
ءii㣬iiú¡
㣺
ʱī޿ɲԸԺȥǳϸؽһ飺ԣiiҵӣΪʯͷϲ㣬Źô˵ǰЩȥףiiڼ֮أҲ

ЩiiȻӣԼģЩ֮ôΪϣ
ǲܽܣֻ̫߸ҪܣӣȻӣȻֻǸ
ҪԼϸһ
ii㲻˵ΪЩϲĺĵؿ޵iiҪiiʯͷiiҪʯͷϲiiˣء

ʱҲûΪ㻳б߿ޣС˵Щ
æع񣬵ͷ۳iiʲôiiҵıǶǳǳiiģ
ô
iiӣڰ׷ۿǾӨᣬ͸
ģ㿴īޣīҲͷġ
أiiҲѽ
ıУͷ˳iiһˡ

īЦҡͷǰ֣Ӹҡ
ӵǲͬģiiĻΪĳΪϲԼͬҲһֱΪī޲ϲԼ̫뵽ī޻С
Ǹûз
ī޽УͷЦiiǸúӣ֪Ǹ¸ҵĺӡ

ii۾һīް۽ǵȥָͬ׵ָģҲǺǺŶȻҲϲ
īϸס㣬Ǻ£áˣòã
庢Ƶģɲӣ
ЦײȥҲЩ£iiı
ӽҲ׵ˣҪiiͷٶͿˣҲҪŬø´£ٲóiiǰҲҪúñii
ӽϵղɾͷöͷᶥ˶iiĶͷ

ǵڸأ
iiٶȿЦһڶ˵ǿֶܰ

ڵϣڳ鴤
Ǳһڸģڳ鴤˼أǱǿСiiһкֱʮŭⲹô൶ֻʣһ
ܳΪħ˵ȻͨˣˣҲŬǿš
ԭֻҪٻԭΣߵļʽߡ
һܰ鴤ţ

ȴȻ˫ڣ֪Ӳˡ
ī޻бųiiûڣʣΪҪ
iiһ䣺ĻiiΣ
ƿī֪ô£iiȻ͵ϻڳˮʱҺ͵ڼǸҲŪˣ

īͲµ֮ħѲ˹ϵܻûӣΪаԪԵʣֻ벻˵˭ֻǴǰ̫Դ󣬴Ӳ¶࿴һ
ز˵˭ָʹ㣡
ôһ˵ظоԼҲûʲôģҲˣ㲻٣ȣαؽվ
ħҪˣ

϶ȷʵңңƣȥץץ˵Ҫɱ㡭ȿȿȡң㣬ģ˵Ƿˡ
֪ûʲôܣ㻹˾䣺ἰݣ

ЩϧҲ֪ȷʵʲʲôˡ
ûϵԵķӡī޿ο
ͷֳ֣⽣ֱֱص塣

˫һɣ彥ʧȥûʧ
иһ龧Ө͸ʯͷδ֣ʯͷѳ㲱ǴʯͷҲ½зɳԶʯͷΪһ顣
Ȼĺϳɣħĺϳɡ
ħ磬ħߴ趯ħ֮ʯӵ߱Ϊ

صƬʧ󣬺ȻҲе׹ֱֱ壬򼸲ǰ꿤ǿʯͷϳʱûһ㷴Ϊ꿤ħǵΪܹܵķΧڡ
صʯͷ룬ĲǻصΪǷħ֮׵׹㣬Ǿ޴ΪֻǷ֮ѳܡ
ɫԽԽѿһһС
īޱ뺢ӣصԼСС

īҲֱӱǽΧУľ޴ϿգΪСiiҲΪи׵ΪɽҲСߣڰȥʼŽ⣬㡣
ҹŻۡ
iiɵǰԲĽɫ۾
ii
չһЦָiiѾޣ䵽С

ŵĺΣǰЦʵоΣ
Цţڿл˻ɫƯѽiiϲСצ棬㻹صػС״iiļˣͳiiһģ
оܸܲˣֱø˵㣡
īҲΪϲ㲻Ǵ֮ħĺգҲİ
أʽ㻹ࡣ
Ǿǳ
ٻе㲻˼iiѾֱСһ𣬸˺ඣඣ

ųiiС˰죬ī޵iiһ
¿֪ԼǻΪôˣ

ֻصħ磬ţЩͿ
ΪԼʺʲôħħ֮ʯˣ¸ȥԼӦþûôˡֹۣԺҲŬģҪʹ׵ѽͲԼԽԽ
ħߴǳˮɽ
ǻȥȴ֣ɽˡ





62  ʮ   ϸ˼Ů

ī޶ܳԾ, ɽɽͷԭΡ
λεģһֱΪˮ, ųˮɽȴˡ
ؼʱ̲㣬ҲѵɽǶƭˣ𣿡
ûī޻ش, ѾԼ͵ӦðɽƭǣǣͲذǰ֪, αħ֮ʯУ
ͷīޣԲԣգǻɽóǿʯͷġ

ī޲ǰ棬ȴҲȷʵΪɽͷûҪƭǡ
, īȷţ֮ˣҲ꿤ǴºŷĴ, Լ䱾»Ǻŵ, ǿ඼Ҳ꿤º, Ǳ֮˲ˮҲǴ, ǳ״˵ļƻ
ԭӦҪһͳħʱԼĿģ֣˱仯
ɽͷǻͬȫǻԵɺϻħ֮ʯǸͨħ, ʯͷǺɽͷٶȱƽƽ档ҲΪȫΪ壬ʼûбκ˷
ǵãǿ֮˸߹Ƿˡ
Ҳǣ͵õҲͬûб˷Եʡ

Ȼֻī޵һ²⣬ǧǧ棬׻۵ʱ
ɽǲΣˡ
ܵǣɽͰԼʯͷǣôʯͷǧ꣬ԭɽżǼɽɹ¶شˮϡ
૵ôɽܹʧҲ࡭
ī޲ٴ˼ȷ֮˾ħ磬ɴ˵ʲô
Ҫħ磬һȦӣ磬˵״ʲôӣ
ɶء

׷׳ĬiiС￴ɷɵģкöˣ
īͷȥȻӳˮķܶˣϤס
Ƿֳˮɽˣŷ׷׸
㽫˦ȥԭɽٶȳֻ֣ϸͻ֣ᷢɽκһͨͨɽŪһɽͬʱ˲ٰɫ
һվƶϣˮԽԽ͸ԶȻڵɽһͬ˿ΪԼˡ

ħ˴ԶӣֻԽԽȴҲгˮһȺˣֻúùӡ
̾˿ī޵ЩҲˣͦܵġ
ī޴iiȥԭȶĵ̨̣ͤ¥ȵȻڣҲɽٲкºĿǰħߵĵط
վɽī޵ԡ
ţ

㳶ʯͷĿѼ룬ɫȴδںϡ
īiiˣ۾ʯͷ߲ʱ⣬½޷Էī޵ţii棬ȴߵΧ㡣
ʹ˺ܴüѪҲʺ죬ԭķѴɢīһĺڷƣǿʯͷʼղ
аʱɫīּʱֹ

īޡۣǰһûб仯ʧ
û£а취ġīǰiiСī޵ļͷɵصͷûգ

ֻв֪һ֮ûãΪûվɽͷϵԵʣνħ籾Ǹԣ

ǻҪҲûͣȻ˳ˮЩҪ
м²ȴ֣ԺѸƣ
㾪ϲ棬ܵϸȥЩȫɺɫѾǴδĻ
춢ʦǣǼ˶̽ͷ̽ԡ
ҽָʲô
ûʶϾħѾǧûɫŵĻˣֻһСŮħ˰죬̫˼ʦаҵĽͷŵĿ⻨

˵գȡѽīϸſ־⻨
ϲɼħǰĻٴοǧǰĻˣϲؿīޣī޳Цŵͷ

Ͻȥϸо£λץʱʵʦ⼸մӳˮвٻ˵˵ͷħˣ˵ɱЩǸ꣬˵ǳˮúܺÿ߳λ顭
˵˵ţī޵ɫ˵Ҷīޡ
㲻֪¸ôʵϣΪ뵱ʲôħ
ô
ī޸һ԰ֱӾ͵洫ŶģˮħѾȫˡ

ŵԲ۾㣬ѵλƯʦɱģ˲òడǲ˼ҧס촽
˺Ǽ£˵ں£㷴ѹϾЩϲˡ
ī˸УδֻЦʦħħˡ
죬õǡʦ仰
һɲǣǵʦǳˮˣǳˮ˵ħˣʲôúµģɾҲͷˣ

ǰľź½ǰϲ㣬иŴ£׷׸СԺʱֵġ
㻶ϲɬرΧţͣī
ī޵Цţδǰʵͦϲ㱻ΧƵӡ
Сһã͸ñ˶ϲ
ȻϲСһģҲֻԼ

һȺֵˣīţҪħ硣
νħķӼ޷ȥͱ·ĿǰδؾͲһ·
ҳˮλħѾ˳ȥʱȺħףǲס
СȸЩһֱھƿҲ˵㣬īֽļֵ꿤붫ʱŹܹ顣Ŀǰħ磬Ŀħ֮ʯѾһУ⻹ĸûϲĿǰҲֶֻܷ֮

Ҳûĥ䣬峿ħȻѡ
оİǼΪʥģħ磬ҴֻŴ˵δۼ׷ͷ쿴ȥ
ֻԶɫоһƬ⣬˵ǽɫĹζһһ㡣
ħǺɫģʺɫģǴδɫ˺ֳԾǿ𾢡

ֱƬеӰɹħ綼Ϊ˷
ͬ˵еĺɫӰԽԽͣҲԽԽ󣬾ǿ˸ƺнƬأΪǣǷŽɫĺԴϣŸӰ
ֱ˲ӿҲ˵׳ʲôģ
ȴϷȥβһɨ룡ҲɱܿȴҲˣɨǡֻϵ˷˺üأȷħ˶ˡ
ֽɵͣ뿴֪˵Ҫʲô
Ϊʱͷ꾹վʱǼǿһǸƯ꣬ſ˫ۣڷϺȻɢĽ⣬ΧС
ҿЩˣֻⳡÿ

ЩĽͷʱҶû
ֱûڣ˻Ŵ󺰣ȴַ֣û˽ӾӯܿҾ֪ˣǸö׷ֱ۳е꣬Ҫȡࡣ
أǽҲΡ
󣬺ڿʧˡ

ϵħ˷˺һŷӦӦǳˮλħɣ
ԭһЩҲл⣬ΣʲôͷҲûˡ
ħ
ɶɰ
ѵħģ˵ǧǰʱħħΣ˵ǿǸʱ򣬲óĵűɱԣÿֻúɡ
ʵ˭Ըڰյĵط棿
ħвڴѵħ绹ܱ˵Ǹʱ

ī޴iiֻصСС
iiͦ˷ܵģŻһֱڵ͵͵أҲаŶ
Ҳͦ˵ģ֮ôһҪΪ˰ħ硣ͷģǣīȰѾʱ򣬴ħĻ̵̻ģ͸һڴǶڴõĶ
ʢи˲ԸصԭȵĴɱɱС
ǣīޱϾǺ죬Ҳ񣬾öЩԲסħ֮ˣЩҲաЩµĽ⣬ȷʵеΪûκ壬ȴùҲûС

ͱ¶ǰԾͳ̹̹
īƽЩ޳ı

ÿ죬Ҹ޾ħħغܾħͻдһƬħȱʧɫ
æ⴦ǸϽص˼䣬ﻹҪҲҪȡѪiiˣҲøĸ˸翴һҶҪһ
˵˼ķˣӳϴ¡գȵȡ
iiϴǰ첻ˣ¡ػܹһġ

ī޵¿Ǹϸ˼Ůȷϲһˣ϶顣

һص˼䣬īޱϵ࣬ȴһ㷴ӦҲûС
īΪ죬;Ҳϵ࣬˵˼ҪҪ˵ЩħַӦҲܵõ
ͷŮǷǻѾϲϲȥ湬λӡ

׳iiȵǾҪii游ĸ벮ii𣿣
ˣ
īһԿЦǧݽǷ裬iiһ
ЦŸǧݽͣǧ˫һ죬˫ֺʮֻӷ𡱡
ãЦиֳɵ㻹Ҫ
ǧһǰôô

ЦīҲЦ⣬յ˿ڲ衣
ʣЩ첻ڹǧݽ㶼ʲô
ǧЦūҲûȥ﹬Ųٳ̫ӵµĻ¡
סҼǵãǰ׵ĳɹﲻǺȥˡ
ѽϲɼŷ磬ϲǼҵĹϴζǳɴĹѼǣ̫ӵ䣬ڼ⼸գŻ¡

īޡ
īŲյЦѵΪԭϵϣ





63  ʮ   ԶҵС

кȻüž, ǧЩ޴룬ΪԼ˵ʲô
ͨʺ, ˵ϲõѹŵĳţӭȥ


ʺѾճҪƼбŵĺӣֶԭء
ĸ󣡡Цǰ, Һī޵ı
źӼĸ, ϲöһĸ޷أϾӡһ仰ǿī޵ıͬʱ־øĸһܽ, Ӧ̹Ȼܵģ
˭ϣʺﶢųiiһġ
Ϊ, ѵĸĲܽô

iiø, Сǿһ飺Һīı
iiĸ, С־ס½, ͼο

ʺ֪ӵĴڣŵǲܽܣ
֪¶ڴ˺ܾãС, ﶼһѡһֱţ˵ǴӦóСɣΪˣʺﻹʾ֭ר׼һЩʺСˣߡ
ֱӾǸ
ⱦƯɰ
ʺ̫ϲȫɵֻۣſˣûзĲԾ

Ǳ·СӵĲԣЦǿСֵò˵ˣ
ʺѹ̧ͷίӣЦšӴһǰס㣺ĸ̫ϲѣôҪ𶹶أ
Ϊĸ᲻ϲҺ֡
ŵĻʺﶼɴЦĸ븸᲻ϲ֣ĺӣǰģҡЦſīޣɾ͸֪ǣǿűˡ

µģͷīޣīЦŵͷ
ĸĸiiѾõسʺ֡
ŶӴСʺɿס֣㻳нiiߣĸǵС
㻳һգҪ̧ͷiiĸʲôӣĸѾųiiֱߣ߱ߵĸС׼ߣ
ڸʣҲֺǺǵظߡ

С󣬻ͷһĸأ
Щֵֹġ
īЦߵߣ˵µСѹˣ
ûУĸϲiiҸ˻أӣīǰҲҪʵʵ˵е㲻Ӧ
Ҳûˣīޱס㣬ԶҵС
ͨͨģҲ飬ҲûˣţѸٵءౡһī޵
ౡšౡ˺üڣֱۻסī޵ĲҪϴꡣ

ȻŲŵͷȥ
̫վſ㶣̿ӣòʱ򡣡
ͷ˽ȥ
Цī޹֣ɾĪҪ
īѧҲ֣ŷ˵Ц̫Ӷǡ

ЦҲתȥ˺ë̺ii÷С첲ģҲʱЦiiתų嵽¸ǰסȣͷͽС游ѱֵҲ˵ֱ̬ڵ̺ϣųii档
Ů׼õ·ߣʺŶԼĻͷñii֣Сĸññ
iiµؾȥʺｫڻУϻͷñһģǳiiСϻ磡iiſֻС֣ҪŻʺһ~~~
ӴҵĸθΣʺĶҪˣסֱСҲվ󣬾ͷñϵβͣ׽Բأ棬߹Ů׷׸Ц

ҲͲԴʺҲ˶ĻͷñֱӸͷϡ
iiƼˣǴϻiiСϻ~~~
ʺ︧ĿڿڱֱӴ

˶ΧһһСȤ˵
ī̫һԺȲ裬ֻҲЦȴǰ֡
ī޽յŵʱߵ̫ӣ˫΢䣬濴ǣδ
̫պ񣬴ǰǾͳţ˵غȾƻ塣
Բ˵Ϊͷ˵̫࣬˽ദʱܲ˵Ͳ˵
㣬ֽ뵽ǰ˵ദ

ī̫Ӷ£ջߣƺлҪ˵īлҪʣ
̫ѵЩڣʵ֪ɾæЩʲô
īϲ˫ۣ˵Ҫһæ
ŶЩ㱣ȴī޻ڿ͵ɾǰҺȾƣòңЩġֳ˳ǣмԳҶˣɾҵġ
˵꣬ī޵ͷЦҲȥ

ҹ˯ʱīȡĵѪ
iiȥͥҲ״򲻶˯ʱ䣬㻹˯ţīҲûڽ޹ڣiiԹڴԼ棬ȥͽ˵

ħ鶼֪ࡣ
ĿҲûã
ī޵ͷֵŷȦħȷʵûΪǿߡ
ָӣ˼ħ磬ײǲǺĿ飿ˮɽƲû©ġ
ĥţīӸСͷ޵ģѪ

ɫȻһ䣬īʣҪˣǸʲô˵
ʲô˵˼Ʈǧ֪꣬Ѿ֪˶ٻصףҶԲûЩֲԾûЩƾʲôס
˵úȴήġ
ī뵽ԼӣֵǷ񽫴¸ˣ
ҡͷ»֪ʲôʱܽĿǰͨˣ˶һ˲⣬ûκ壬ҲԸ˼̫ӣӦԼ
ī޻Ҫ˵߰ɣѪȥԡš

īֻգٴ๲̨
ԼģѪһͬУ̨ĵٴĸ׺ǵ֣νеաʱ˻ӦˣռԪǶߣڣҲ⸱ֻء
ѪĸӦҲϤİյ
յ̨Ů
īҲܲܣȻ֮Ҳ֪ʲôסΪԼΪգΪ޷Իİɡ

ǵһҹҲˣԷûг
ѪҲûá

ص޹Ѿˣii档
ǻЦŴк磡
ǳiiɣһѱiiŵԼϣ˵ߣȥ˵գͱɷˣiiͷˣiiֱС

ЦĿߣīüͷ΢壬ʵǲûɣ
š
ڽţָƽüͷ㲻ҪüͷҲϲ㲻˵ӡ
ī޵üëס
㲢ᰲοˣֻƾֽܷסһн취ģǶҪģ
㣬īǲܣⷬʵûʲôõĻȴʵʵڸο





64  ʮ   ֪Ӧô

iiǳͥ, ȴҲû붺̫ãǽ᲻óiiֶͥЩʱһ, һ꣬ǲδ̫ãٻص˼䣬Ҳѹȥ¡
ԴС¡ޡһλɾ󣬼ϰֶʧµӡ

, 磬磬ǳ֡
Ƕǰͷ, ǵŮں󹬡Ҳѵð磬ʺδңֻϤļԼ˵ȥͺͻ
԰, кɻѿߡͤСʯضλ͵Ůӡ
iiܺ, ҲֱӱŸӾͳȥ, ȥ, ǣųiiȥīҲֻš

һ԰, ӶǸʽ֬۵ζī޵ǿʼ鴤
ܲشЦ
iiͷ˿ʵ׵ɫΪѿѽ
Ϊ̡϶̫
ѽiiÿɺˣײϲôiiˮ۾濴īޡ
ϲ
ĻЦУīְü, ֻüӣ⸸䡣

ҲûܿǲŲæܽأлͣһвСڻͻ粻ʱǵĻЦiiĽؿƯĻ
ɿóiiҲųiiȥ˻ϡ
վûãСӲʱᵽ̫ӵ¡ĸ̧֣ͷȥλСΧλźɫС˵ﻰȫǷС
ĶãŷеĻһǣִߡһ
ͷȥҲλСӣ˵ļˣ߷ߵʲôѽ̫ӵ¶ΣҲˣû˵Ǹ͹һ㶫·ǲϲ
ǣһеģһΣؼ޽ȥǱأҿǳɼҾû

ٿλźɫѵСӣ֪طӦǸδޣĹ
˵ʵڵģúƯ
ǡ
īȻҲˣקغҪҶĳiiӣߵߡ
ܺãҾûнÿ
iiҲͷûнಮÿ

ɷУҲɷŭʣ룬ɡ
ŤͷīޣҪȥҸ磡
īסʱȷʵ˽ֳ
֪ҲҶܺһ𣬼粻֪ǰ£ѵͲܺͽһˣûгףü
īҲİѣ̫ӶԽҲǷĵġ

ûֹڶҵڿµĸ硣
磡
ȻֳΣ̫ӵһ٣̧׿Цˣչ磬ȥͷȥȥiiɾأ
֪磡Ѿ˺һĻˣ̫£磬ҿλĹˣ
̫ӵһЦºͣȴܿ⣬£⼸£ȥĴ

ȥˣȥ˽磡

Ȼãϲ˾Ӧһ
ֱӵ磡㲻һϲ㣡Ҳϲģҿó
һ˵꣬Ϊ˵úܴ˵껹Щġ

̫ӿã֮̾˿֮˺࣬ÿ˶Ӱ֮һɾбҡ
ҺīҲȫһǻʶһˣǻ˳iiأ
̫ӣҪ¸Ҫ
ڵ⣿ɴҹӣǸ粻ϲǣiiļ̳ˣ˵ˣ˵ҲԼĺأһ
̫ӿЦͷδͣǵ֪ǺģֻǣɾǾܵġ㻹Ҫ˵ֵǰĸʹҺüΣĸԸӦµġ

ø˵ѣԸĻҲ֪ԼӦ˵Щʲô챿Ҳὲ
ֻܵҾøӦһ𣬽ҲȳĹÿˣ
̫Դߣҵ˸µֽüãøii档
˾ǲ˵Щ¡
㴹Դ뿪ʱ̫ӲٵΪģܺãҵĻɾúõģͷˡ
šûصͷ

Ӱʧ̫Ӳ̾˿
ǰɾȾƣĻͥľƣ¶̫ӲȾ֮ˣÿÿҲɾü
ǳݶ˵ʱֻǸԺȾơ
̫ӲԸͻˣʱҶԷ
ɾĴˣż̫ӱԽ߱ԽŲ¶ҹɫʵҲɾһ
ֻϧɾͷϵǡ

̫Ӿ룬λͬ߳ɾڿʲôأ
дΣȵõ˴𰸡
൹ݶϣָ̧ǿǣ㿴𡣡
̫˳ֿȥôǣ֪ɾָĿš
ɾȴòҵİˡ

̫ӵ࿴ȥ
ڰ᣺ҰŪˣ˭
˲䣬̫ӵҲס
ĽǸɣʲôɣܵõɾϲĽ֮࣬ЩʣǿŽɾģŭֻΪѹ

ΥĵܻģҲܻ˭
⻰˫ɣ𡣡
̫ҧǡ
ȴȻֳݶ
̫ӵĺ¹ԭûжԽԽ촽Ҫϵʱ򣬡Բ𡣡仰ŵתȥգ۾Ͳݶϡ

̶һ˲·ǳΡ
̫˺ܾãŻعͷǿգ¶ԳЦ

գĸٽȥ£˵ǲϲĹ
ֱӾӦˡ
˭ײǳأҲΪ̫ӵְֻڳʲô

̫ӵĻھͶھ£ǻħʱ̫ѾЦ̵ģ˵ĳҪǵû
š
ʵ㲻μӸĻϣһ
֪ԡ
īȰ£뷨ӣܷŪһУðչ
ִ񣺡û

صˮǳͼҳвԡ
ΪҵħǸ֮ˣʦҲˣīһ𣬴ųii㼣ħÿ䣬ȴʲôҲûšǰµЩ׳뵽˶ãħľطɫ
ҲĿǰοˡ

һħδɱ֮ǰħ绹һ壬˵ʱħ粻ɽˮ㣬ħҲǾɣħһֻϧ󣬹㱻˻ˡ
ǧȥ顢׫дʷħ޷ò
Ҷǵˡ
óˮסżλСˣΪڳˮԶһڣǼʢϡܹ𹬵λãϼλ˵Ļī޴ȥѰһѰַ
˵ʲôջ
ͺīޱ֮Զ棬ֻҪ˻ȥͻܴ򿪡
ңֻܴ򿪡

㲻ԸԼħӵħ֮ȷħ
ҵַҲܻЩʲô
ƴƴմճλãҲкü
һһȥˣǰͷûκηӦҵʱԸоԣ޷ݣ͵һµҲ΢йĪǰߣҲǰˣɲǼ䣬ǿһߵīii·һжޡ
ֻǰȥţĽºسһ·
·γʺĻ

ǰΪ·˺ܾãǰһš
ŶһźܸߡܿϿ໨䷱ҶĿã㲻ָ֣ȴһۣջ̴ָ֣ˡ
ͷȥѪ䵽ϣϵĻ佥ȥϡֳŵģ
ɫţΡׯϡ
һϲȥţȴƲ

㲻аþ޷ƿ

һƳ̾ߣתȥ˭˵

׷ʣʲôҵѪ޷㿪ţ
Ҳħˣ漴㽫ԼĴƣѪ䵽棬մѪȥţƲ

ӣߵԶֱ
㻹θѪȴҡѣãȻͷȥīʹҡǣiiСŵðװ׵ģѹˣ˵㻳Уôˣ
ͷԼ֣ûѪãȻ

״īֱӱסԼС硣
ʲôīʡ
㽫ԼһֲظīޣֵǵܱˣҾҲûж⣬ǵţʲôѵźǴǰħĹУ˵ĲʲôҺӣ
īϸһ飬ûκεˣҲû

ǲǴȴħַҲȷʵֻΪһ޷׿
ǣ˵ǻʲô
īйŵǿʯͷɫûںϡ
ħ޷ǷʵҲΪʲô
īǿʯͷҲڼ˼׻ʲô

ȥ벻ͷɽˮľܴһС
磬ҲԪأֻɽѡ
ɽк
ɽɢۼɽ
ʱ޽⣬ôǸջ

ǽҲ̽һ飬ûٳֹǰ
ȷʵַ
ʱǽ¹ȥ̫ӵĻڽǰô˵Ҳϲ£ûŪһУҲҪĹף㻹Ǵȥġ
ȥ֮ǰȻسˮ
ˮֵһЩطҪãȴҲǸЩС磬ɫҲδȥ
ΨԼСԺϳԽԽǧǰĻ

ǸûзյĺӣȴʵصǴ£ѵõʧˡ
ҹӴûоīޡ
ߵСԺī޺ָ˸תصƣԺƯתĵӰ
Ż㣬СԺ

Ŵţ飬ߵСԺУڵϣ۽Ƹʪ棬дʣ߶ħ֮ǰֳһƬɫĹ⡣
ڣͼҵһЩõĶĿȴƯĹ⣬ʲôҲšЩʧתҪȥʱСɾ˽
ĽŲסϲͷȥɽǲ㣿ɽؽŶԷ֡
ԷûлӦ
ɽ㣬˵仰ɽ
ɽͷܼСɾһһ

Ҳ˵һ
㼤طʣɽʲôɽ
ɽͷδ˵꣬ȻʧֻʣʶҪܣȥֱ۱һק

һ飬˵һ䣬¡¡Զ޴
īһתգۿԶǱļɽҲڱǰǿʯͷɫһַ΢Ĺ⣬ġ¡¡ɽΪƽأҲװȥٲɫӨ
ૣô¡

īͼٱһɽ۷ʹöãɽֻҪڵ棬㼴ʧˡ
ɽǳû𡭡ѹૡ
īްοüģ㱧īޣģС˵Ҿ˵ɽǻˡ
㷽ſֿʲô
ͷţɽҵţ˵Щīޣ˵ʲô˼
ǿʯͷģɽʱɫģƯȴ

ī޿ԶˣէȻˣȷʵǳϰߣҲеˡ
Ȼȥ
š
Уϣѵõأ˶顣
ȵɽ˵һᵽ˵⻰ʯͷͳװȥˣǲ˵ò׼ʯͷҲʧȥԭˣһĻʲô

ī޽ǰʯͷɽûˣһ
ī޺ȻһվҲվʵǲ֪ˣ
ܿ϶˸򡣡ī޴ӲΪ㲻ܴͲ෴أԼƲĶ㣬ԴɽͷȻ֮ǼڳˮסȻҲûĻᡣ
Щ죬Ƿñħ߶ֹһεħ֮ͷҲû˵һ仰ƫƫԼҵСԺħ磬ҲֻСԺԭħ
ǵĸף֮ԱΪ֮飬ΪأأҲ

Ҳˣͷ֪ˣħǧѱѪ͸ңǡħ磬ˣħҲˣ˼ΪħϮҲˣ綼Ѫ͸֮Ҳûӣ
ǧ꣬ΨǸٰܼǵĸף˭֪ʲôۣȥټ֮ħѱʴǵĸײŻ˯

㿴⣬۶ϣ֪Ӧôˣ
īҲȾЦ⡣





65  ʮ   ˲ʱʱ·ֹˡ

峿, ħ׼ʼһĴɱɱȻԾ, ô
Ҫ֪ǧЩħħѾûκλˡ
Ҳڴ˵С
ܳȥһ, Ȼ񰡣ȵҲ֪ǴĹ񣬱ȣɵߣ

˺, Ҫ׽ֻúÿȴû뵽ΪץץסҲˣܿ, ַ֣ЩһֱΧŵЩɫСתʱСȥ, Ҳ֪ǸʲôΡ
񿴵, ִ
һ, Ӵǣˣ
Ҫʲô
ҷ׷쳤˲Ͽ

뼸ǰǴһ, ǺɫԴҲȻŸˣŷȦδζ£֪Ǻö, ȥȴԡĽΪûʲôã
ЩС磬ۿɼسߡ׳ˡ
Щǡؽлţĵø𾢡

ī޵Դϣī޷ɵͣۼЩȷʵڼӿ˿漴¶Цݡ
ȻܾħЩϢϢأȻҪץħΪˣصذȸʱ˳ȸҪ벻ǡ
ħ֮бͰħġЩµĽ֮ԶΪãΪųֻСǲ֣ҲֻΪ˴

īҲѽͨһֱ̨зӦ̱ϵ
ȸ֮ԽԽ죬֦Ҷ𽥱÷ï
ģˮѳ֣СԺҲѿʼɫ
ӱøĿ죬תۼ䣬̫ӵĻ¾ͽǰ㱾ԸλףӣīǸûعˡ

̾ͷ֪ġ
ǾͻȥˣϾ̫ӵ£һĳ״䣬ѵðϲ£ǻµǰһ죬Ҳޱ֣ź죬̫˵Ķǰţû̫ɫװΡ
ʺҲãųiiιԣЦʣǳii̫Ӳѹòã
֪ѹʲôĳiiһŴŴĸ⣬һͷѽ
ֶôҺһͨЦӾ߶Ƚŵ㣬ҲЦˡ

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67  һ   Ըҳ׳Ϊġ

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Ҫո¶Ҹ





68  ϵ¸С   ǣ֡

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